Pages 44 Objective: Understand the parts of the structure of an analysis and the ingredients in each of them.

This is the analysis. 3 parts are clearly visible Introduction Body or development Conclusion

Mention the type of text, the author and when the poem was written. Introduction Remember the title can convey some information. !! Describe it. Find out who is speaking. Find out to whom that speaker is speaking. Describe the speaker's tone. Describe what the poem is about in general.

BODYPart 1: The STRUCTURE (= what a poem looks like on a page) Number of stanzas and lines. Length of lines Rhyme pattern * * Which words rhyme? Can you attach any meaning to the rhyme scheme or rhyming words? Is there internal rhyme? What effect does it have? What ideas are emphasized through rhyming words? Are there any words or rhythmic patterns that recur through the poem? What meaning can you attach to the identified rhythm? If you can, describe the length of the lines, the enjambments, the transposed elements or “unusual" sentences

BODYPart 2: The meaning Analyze the main theme of the poem Identify other themes in the poem. What is the central idea in each line or stanza? Look at how the main theme is structured throughout the poem. Which ideas are mentioned first, and what does the poem end with? Are there any contrasts? Use examples from the text !!

Remember some of the most important “figures of speech”: 1. Alliteration: The repetition of an initial consonant sound. 2. Anaphora: The repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses. 3. Antithesis: The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases. 4. Apostrophe: Breaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing, some abstract quality, an inanimate object, or a nonexistent character. 5. Assonance: Identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words. 6. Chiasmus: A verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the parts reversed. Example: "Never let a fool kiss you--or a kiss fool you." 7. Euphemism: The substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit. 8. Hyperbole: An extravagant statement; the use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect. 9. Irony: The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. A statement or situation where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea 10. Litotes: A figure of speech consisting of an understatement (=an insufficient description) which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. Example: “She's not the brightest girl in the class”. (= She's stupid!) 11. Metaphor: An implied comparison between two unlike things that actually have something important incommon. 12. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated; also, the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to things around it. 13. Onomatopoeia: The use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. 14. Oxymoron: A figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side. (Example: military intelligence!) 15. Paradox: A statement that appears to contradict itself. Example: hot ice. "War is peace.“ "Freedom is slavery." "Ignorance is strength." (George Orwell, 1984) 16. Personification: A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities. 17. Pun: A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words. 18. Simile: A stated comparison (usually formed with "like" or "as") between two fundamentally dissimilar things that have certain qualities in common. 19. Synecdoche: A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole (for example, ABCs for alphabet) or the whole for a part ("England won the World Cup in 1966"). 20. Understatement: A figure of speech in which a writer or a speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is

Summarize the main idea. Conclusion Remember you can describe some facts about the life of the poet which can be connected with the poem. Describe your reaction to the poem or feelings. You can also describe the influence of the poem /author on other poems/ authors.

Use suitable expressions to ORDER/ LIST your ideas and parts of the text.