Chpt 1 Test- pg #30 Microscope Lab #1 –pg 38 Epithelial Tissue Matching- Pg 40 Case Vignette: Brutus – Pg 41 Simple Epithelial Micro Lab- Pg 42 Stratified Epithelial Micro Lab – pg 43 Notebook Check-pg 44 Label pg 45 “Epithelial Tissue Quiz” NO LOOSE PAPERS!!!!!!

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 47 Topic: Ch Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 47 Topic: Ch. 5 Connective Tissue Essential Question: Describe the general characteristics and functions of Connective tissue. Make a tree map of the three major cell types (on top of pg 46) Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents! Ch. 5 Connective Tissue 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Describe the general characteristics and functions of Connective tissue. Make a tree map of the three major cell types

Connective Tissues: Comprise much of the body and are the most abundant type of tissue Bind structures provide support and protection fill spaces store fat produce blood cells protect against infection help repair tissue damage

* Farther apart than epithelial tissue C.T. has an extracellular matrix between tissue cells. This matrix consists of fibers and a ground substance whose consistency varies from fluid to semisolid to solid

Can usually divide and in most cases have a good blood supply and are well nourished Bone/cartilage- rigid Loose C.T. such as areolar, adipose, and dense C.T.- flexible

Connective Tissue: Major Cell Types The fibroblast is the most common kind of fixed cell in CT. Produce fibers by secreting protein. Stay in C.T. for extended periods of time

Macrophages originate as white blood cells Macrophages originate as white blood cells. Usually attached to fibers, can detach and move. Scavenger cells.

Mast cells are large and widely distributed. Located near blood vessels. Release heparin to prevent blood clotting and histamine to promote reactions to asthma and hay fever.

5.1 Clinical Application Questions What did scientists find when they looked beyond the collagens in the matrix? What is the basement membrane composed of? What happens if the balance of the components of the ECM are off? Name and explain one of the three diseases that can result.

Ch. 5 Categories of Connective Tissue Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 49 Topic: Ch. 5 Connective Tissue Essential Question: Differentiate between loose connective tissue and dense tissue. Distinguish between reticular and elastic connective tissue. Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents! Ch. 5 Categories of Connective Tissue 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Differentiate between loose connective tissue and dense tissue. Distinguish between reticular and elastic connective tissue.

Connective Tissue: Fibers Collagenous fibers are thick strands of collagen, which is the major structural protein of the body. Appear white. flexible, can resist force Ex: ligaments and tendons Elastic fibers are bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin (a protein). Appear yellow. Can be stretched and deformed and will resume their shape Weaker than collagenous fibers but more elastic. Found in vocal cords and air passages. (Where elasticity is needed).

Categories of Connective Tissue Loose connective tissue (areolar) forms delicate, thin membranes throughout the body. Cells are mainly widely scattered fibroblasts separated by a gel-like ground substance that contains many collagenous and elastic fibers. Binds skin to underlying organs and fills spaces between muscles. Also beneath epithelium.

Figure 05.18

Figure 05.18a Loose (areolar) Connective Tissue

Adipose (fat) tissue Certain cells within CT store fat within their cytoplasm. Cushions joints and some organs. Insulates beneath the skin. Lies beneath the skin, between muscles, around the kidneys, in the abdomen, and around the heart.

Figure 05.19

Figure 05.19a Adipose (fat) Connective Tissue

Reticular CT is composed of thin, collagenous fibers. Supports the walls of the liver, spleen, and lymphatic organs.

Figure 05.20

Figure 05.20b

Figure 05.20a Reticular Connective Tissue

Dense CT consists of closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers that can withstand pulling forces. Blood supply poor Make up Tendons and ligaments

Figure 05.21

Dense Connective Tissue

Elastic CT consists mainly of yellow, elastic fibers. Found in attachments between vertebrae and within the walls of the heart, larger arteries, and the larger airways.

Figure 05.22

Figure 05.22b

Elastic Connective Tissue

Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue. Largely composed of collagenous fibers in a gel-like ground substance. Support, frameworks, attachments, protects underlying tissue, forms structural models for many developing bones. Cartilage cells (chondrocytes) occupy chambers called lucunae. Cartilage lacks a direct blood supply.

Connective Tissue Categories Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage. Ends of bones, in the nose, and in respiratory passages. An embryo’s skeleton begin as hyaline cartilage “models” that bone replaces.

Connective Tissue Categories Elastic cartilage is very flexible. Contains many elastic fibers. Ears and parts of the larynx.

Connective Tissue Categories Fibrocartilage is very tough. Contains many collagenous fibers. Acts as a shock absorber. Intervertebral disks.

Connective Tissue Categories Bone is the most rigid connective tissue. Hardness is due to mineral salts (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate). Also contains a large amount of collagen for toughness. Bone supports, forms blood cells, and protects. Bone matrix is deposited by osteocytes (bone cells), which form concentric patterns called an osteon.

Connective Tissue Categories Blood is composed of cells suspended in a fluid called blood plasma. Cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and cellular fragments called platelets. RBCs transport gases. WBCs fight infection. Platelets are involved in blood clotting.

Connective Tissues General characteristics - most abundant tissue type many functions bind structures provide support and protection serve as frameworks fill spaces store fat produce blood cells protect against infections help repair tissue damage have a matrix have varying degrees of vascularity have cells that usually divide

Connective Tissue Major Cell Types Fibroblasts fixed cell most common cell large, star-shaped produce fibers Macrophages wandering cell phagocytic important in injury or infection Mast cells fixed cell release heparin release histamine

Connective Tissue Fibers Collagenous fibers thick composed of collagen great tensile strength abundant in dense CT hold structures together tendons, ligaments Elastic fibers bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin fibers branch elastic vocal cords, air passages Reticular fibers very thin collagenous fibers highly branched form supportive networks

Connective Tissues Connective tissue proper loose connective tissue adipose tissue reticular connective tissue dense connective tissue elastic connective tissue Specialized connective tissue cartilage bone blood

Connective Tissues Loose connective tissue Adipose tissue mainly fibroblasts fluid to gel-like matrix collagenous fibers elastic fibers bind skin to structures beneath most epithelia blood vessels nourish nearby epithelial cells between muscles Adipose tissue adipocytes cushions insulates store fats beneath skin behind eyeballs around kidneys and heart

Connective Tissues Dense connective tissue Reticular connective tissue composed of reticular fibers supports internal organ walls walls of liver, spleen, lymphatic organs Dense connective tissue packed collagenous fibers elastic fibers few fibroblasts bind body parts together tendons, ligaments, dermis poor blood supply

Connective Tissues Elastic connective tissue Bone (Osseous Tissue) abundant in elastic fibers some collagenous fibers fibroblasts attachments between bones walls of large arteries, airways, heart Bone (Osseous Tissue) solid matrix supports protects forms blood cells attachment for muscles skeleton osteocytes in lacunae

Connective Tissues Hyaline cartilage Cartilage Elastic cartilage most abundant ends of bones nose, respiratory passages embryonic skeleton Cartilage rigid matrix chondrocytes in lacunae poor blood supply three types hyaline elastic fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage flexible external ear, larynx Fibrocartilage very tough shock absorber intervertebral discs pads of knee and pelvic girdle

Connective Tissues Three types of cartilage Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage

Connective Tissues Blood fluid matrix called plasma red blood cells white blood cells platelets transports defends involved in clotting throughout body in blood vessels heart