Robot Mechanical Principles

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
6x6 with articulating Center-wheel and CG Migration Team 33 Killer Bees.
Advertisements

By: David Gitz, EE, Electrical/Programming Team Mentor FRC #1208
FRC Robot Mechanical Principles
Power Transmission & Drivetrain. Creating Effective Robot Mechanisms Drivetrain: Moves Quickly Has Good Pushing Power (Power & Traction) Turns Easily.
FTC Game Reveal Durham, NC September 6, 2014
Why are drivetrains important? It moves a robot from point A to point B Not all drivetrain designs are equal each have advantages and disadvantages,
2009 FIRST Robotics Team 1212 By: Bernard McBryan Boeing Technical Fellow 7 January 2009.
Base Fundamentals Beach Cities Robotics – Team 294 Andrew Keisic June 2008.
 Importance  Basics  Drive Types  Resources  Traction  Mobility  Speed  Timing  Importance.
Human Extraction Rescue Robot Material Handling Methodology & Proof-of-Concept Prototype Matthew P. King Erin B. Rapacki In partnership with… ADVISORS.
ROBOT DYNAMICS. MOTORS supply the FORCE that the robot needs to move Rotational Force is called TORQUE The motor needs to supply force to wheels arms.
Purpose of this Presentation Drivetrain Selection o Types of drivetrains o Types of wheels o Drivetrain mechanics o Best drivetrain for your team o Maintenance.
FIRST Robotics Drive Trains
VEX Drive Systems Presented by Chani Martin Lauren Froschauer Michelle Gonzalez Presented by Chani Martin Lauren Froschauer Michelle Gonzalez.
Design / Build Basic Steps: 1.Understand the Game 2.Game Strategy – How to win at the game 3.Robot Attributes required to win a game 4.“Strategic Design”
One of the most common types of drivetrain is known as a skid steer drivetrain, which may also be referred to as a tank drive. A skid steer drivetrain.
Geartrains Materials taken from several sources including: Building Robots with LEGO Mindstroms by Ferrari, Ferrari, and Hempel.
Engineering H193 - Team Project Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Spring Quarter P. 1 Drive Train Calculations Week 3 Day 1.
Robotics Intensive: Day 6 Gui Cavalcanti 1/17/2012.
Tug of War Battle Bots A tug of war game designed to demonstrate engineering and physics concepts in grades 6-12.
J.M. Gabrielse VEX Drive Trains. J.M. Gabrielse Drive Trains Vocabulary Four Wheel / Six Wheel Skid Steering (Tank Drive) Swerve (Crab) Drive Holonomic.
Advanced Drivetrain Calculations John E. V-Neun, Team 229 John A. Neun, P.E., Team 20.
Chassis Design Zan Hecht Manchester, NH Jan 5 th, FIRST Rookie Workshop.
Geartrains Materials taken from several sources including: Building Robots with LEGO Mindstorms by Ferrari, Ferrari, and Hempel.
Bicycles 1 Bicycles. Bicycles 2 Question: How would raising the height of a sport utility vehicle affect its turning stability? 1.Make it less likely.
Robot Physics: Part 1 By: Danica Chang and Pavan Datta Team 115.
VEX Drive Systems Presented by Chani Martin Lauren Froschauer Michelle Presented by Chani Martin Lauren Froschauer Michelle.
Russ Hersberger Motor Math for SUMO Robots. Russ Hersberger Traction Force He who has the most friction wins Two things determine the force of friction.
Drivetrain Lessons Learned Summer 2008 Team 1640 Clem McKown - mentor August 2008.
Compound Gears Unit 6.
Sci 701 Unit 6 As learned in Unit 5: Speed, Power, Torque, and DC Motors, a motor can generate a set amount of power. Introduction to Gears Since there.
FRC Kick-off Workshops Ken Stafford
VEX Parts - Motion Robotics – 8.
DRIVE BASE SELECTION AN INTRODUCTION TO DRIVE TRAINS.
VEX Drive Trains.
Drivetrain Design 1 Unit 9. Drivetrain Turning Most common type is a skid steer which is often called a tank drive. Consists of 2 sets of wheels on each.
Transmissions & Gearboxes
Proposed Dewbot V Chassis Clem McKown Team 1640 December 21, 2008.
Dewbot VI first thoughts Hong Kong & in-transit 10-January-2010 Clem McKown.
Scott’s Website for Calendar. How Busy will I be? Every body will be working week one.
Drivetrains Beach Cities Robotics – Team 294 Andrew Keisic June 2008.
Drivetrain and Framing Possible configurations of a robot base, and pros and cons of each. Robotics 101.
1 Team Mieux Critical Design Review ASME Bulk Material Transporter AME 470 Ltd. December 7, 2004.
Drivetrain Design featuring the Kitbot on Steroids
The Journey to a West Coast Drivetrain
Aerodynamic forces on the blade, COP, Optimum blade profiles
Garage Door Design Analysis
Designing Robots How to make a stable robot! Much of the information in this power point is from Winning Design! By James J. Trobaugh.
Standout Technical Designers MAE 416: ME Senior Design Sponsored by Cooper Hand Tools Brian SearsNate Ouellette Pooria Javidi Nathan Mize Chris EvansJustin.
Warlocks 8/5/05 TMU FIRST Robotics 101 u Week 1) Gears, Pulleys, Sprockets, Bearings u Week 2) Motors & Controls u Week 3) Pneumatics u Week 4) Materials.
Deriving Consistency from LEGOs What we have learned in 6 years of FLL by Austin and Travis Schuh © 2005 Austin and Travis Schuh, all rights reserved.
Warlocks 8/5/05 TMU FIRST Robotics 101 u Week 1) Gears, Pulleys, Sprockets, Bearings u Week 2) Motors & Controls u Week 3) Pneumatics u Week 4) Materials.
Mechanical Power Transmissions II. Gear Ratios Gears are not just used to transfer power, they also provide an opportunity to adjust the mechanical advantage.
Drive Module Design Which Allows Wheel Flexibility Tom Ore FRC 525.
Drivetrain Design.
2 November  Acceleration can be limited by: ◦ Traction or friction (wheel spin-out; limited on level ground by  of wheel tread and fraction of.
Buzz15 - Ramp Cresting Articulating Chassis System Industrial Design Award Winner 2010 FIRST World Championship FRC Team #33 Killer Bees Jim Zondag.
Hanging Concept Development Team 33 Killer Bees. Concept Development Hang off Cross bar with frame for others to hang: Pros: Simple Possible 8 point play.
Power Transfer using GEARS Dean Celini Mentor FRC Team /10/2016.
Tug of War Battle Bots A tug of war game designed to demonstrate engineering and physics concepts in grades 6-12.
Gearing.
6x6 with articulating Center-wheel and CG Migration
Deriving Consistency from LEGOs
G2’s Drive System Primer – Acceleration and Gear Ratios
A Problem Solving Approach to Drivetrain Design
Motors 101 Tom Milnes BAA Team 2199 Representative
Intro to Drive Trains and Kit Bot Drive
Tug of War Battle Bots A tug of war game designed to demonstrate engineering and physics concepts in grades 6-12.
Robotics Drive Mechanism Basics
Presentation transcript:

Robot Mechanical Principles Session Objectives: Basic Drive Chassis Design considerations

FRC Engineering/Design Build Week 1: Define Game Strategy Define Robot Requirements – The “Strategic Design” spec. Every year our Strategic Design has called for: “Fast, Stable, Maneuverable With Good, Pushing Power” Relative importance may vary Motor rules? 4 CIMs – 6 CIMs – How many should we use? What about wheel choices? Gearboxes? 1 speed or 2 speed? Gear Ratio ? What is terrain for the game? Bumps, platforms, ramps etc. The distance that the robot must sprint changes from year to year Chassis & Drive train layout defined by middle of 1st week!

Basic Relationships - Review Wheel / Transmission Mechanics Torque = Radius x Force = T (in-lbs) Rotational speed = w (rpm) Velocity = v = (w*2*P*r)/(60 *12) (ft/sec) Frictional Coefficient = m “empirical” – test wheel grip to carpet, with weight Maximum Traction Force = FT = m x W (weight of the robot = mg) Maximum Torque at wheel that can be transferred by friction Tm= m * W * radius Max torque delivered by motor is at stall Torque decreases with speed T r Fw v w W Ft

Basic KOP C-base frame & drive set up from 2011/2012 Tank Drive Most Popular Style of Drive Train in FRC Two sets of wheels on each side of robot Drive independently Wheels are fixed angle Turning performed by differential speed and sideways skidding of fore and aft wheels Layout of wheels is critical to turning maneuverability Typically dropped ctr 6WD and 8WD most popular But typically designs have only 4 wheels touch ground at a time - How come? Basic KOP C-base frame & drive set up from 2011/2012 2013 KOP

Turning a Tank Drive T = Fx * W – Fy * L Right and Left motors spin fore and aft to generate twisting orque: T Sideways reaction forces are from friction resistance to skidding T = Fx * W – Fy * L Fy = m*g*m = weight of robot x friction coefficient between tread and carpet Fx maximum = m*g*m If m (friction coefficient) is same for axial as lateral then: L<W in order to turn at all L<W/2 to turn smoothly What if m is different axial vs. lateral? Omni Wheel?

Dropped Center Wheel(s) Short wheelbase length needed for agile turning Long overall wheelbase desired for stability Only 4 wheels touching carpet at a time Typically end wheels are about 1/8” above center wheel(s) Dropped center wheel – 6WD with 6 inch wheels Dropped center wheels 8WD with 4 inch wheels

6WD & 8WD Tank Drive Wheelbase Length to Width is Important For agile turning with tank drive 2.0 < X < 2.5 ratio of width to wheelbase length (of 4 wheels) Game strategy will define aspect ratio of Robot (Length to Width) Last year (2013) we used an offset 6WD raised front wheel (lower right) As aspect ratio of robot goes from wide to long – may move to an 8WD Also for less rocking - control Each has 4 wheels primarily on ground Other wheels provide stability and engage when pushing Low cg always important! Battery Motor/Gearboxes

Wheel Diameter Wheel Diameter Generally smaller is better! Wheelbase, weight, packaging… Less gear reduction required Unless game design requires larger diameter Even then consider other options 2012 – d’Penguineers and other wedges. 20% greater wheel base / stability

Off the Shelf Option 2012 VexPro Kit Sheet metal construction Available only in the long format 31.5” x 25” 6wd or 8wd

New 2014 Andy-Mark KOP Chassis & Drive Train Pre-season notification – FRC Email 9-26-13: “we can give you some general information about this year’s KOP Drive System. It will look very different from those of the past and the two major variations include the following: The C-Base is gone. In its place is a redesigned frame using sheet metal and extrusion designed to make it easier to attach superstructures to the drive base. It is still a six-wheel belt drive robot, with an estimated final drive speed of about 10.5 feet per second. But, with the new design, we’ve changed to a direct driven center wheel powered by ToughBox Mini gearboxes. The KOP Drive System can still be set up as a six-wheel drive “long robot”, but the redesign also now allows a six-wheel drive “wide” robot out-of-the-box. We are excited to continue to increase the competitive level of the KOP Drive System while continuing to give teams the opportunity to make the Kit of Parts as valuable as possible. We thank AndyMark and Gates Corporation for their support in creating this possibility.”

New KOP Chassis Layout and Drive Train for the 2014 AM KOP chassis L Wide or Long option – convertible – also assuming 112” perimeter rule stays 2 choices of aspect ratio? (likely – due to different belt lengths required) Tough-box mini 10.7:1 gear ratio = ~ 10.5 fps – 2 CIMs/in gearbox – 6” wheels 6 inch wheels: 4 wheel wheelbase = L = (full robot length – 7” )/2 Wheelbase width = robot width minus 4” - wheel ctr to wheel ctr 31 x 25 robot => 4w wheelbase: 12” , width: 21 , W/L = 1.75 - Not too agile 25 x 31 robot => 4w wheelbase: 9”, width = 27”, W/L = 3.0 - Hard to keep straight Frame height above ground is ~ 2”– implies smooth surface for game? L Top View ½ Robot 6WD, belt drive Wide or long Assume 2 sets of belt lengths(?) for 2 out of the box set-ups W/2

Upgrades on New KOP Chassis What can we improve on? Some Possibilities: Optimize our own width to length Change to 4” wheels, Swap out toughbox mini for: Vexpro 3 CIM 6:1 ratio gearbox 12.5 fps, + full torque Or 2 CIM with shifter gearbox (~15 & 62 fps) 8WD or 6WD layouts possible Overall wheel base length is overall length – 5” (10% better than KOP) Drop Frame to 1” height above carpet (lower c.g.) 8WD 6WD Top View ½ Robot

AM KOP Frame & VexPro KitBot & 80/20 Chassis Requirements Able to convert from wide to long format and any in between (24:31  31:24) Able to handle 8WD, 6WD, with 4” or 6” wheels. Able to integrate 2 (or 3?) likely drive train choices (others also possible) 4 CIM drive motors into 2 two-speed transmissions (COTs transmission) 6 CIM drive motors into 1 speed transmission (COTs or custom?) 4 CIM swerve drive system (mix of COTs and custom) Agile and smooth turning capability Best balance of speed and pushing power ability to change ratios without too significant effort (1 hour) Lowest possible c.g. Maximize stability Able to attach a superstructure Easily attach securely and detach bumpers Weight <40 lbs.

Some Frame Options Requirement: Must have chassis up and running by end of week 2 Otherwise will not achieve other game goals Design needs to be within our manufacturing ability and be easy to maintain change wheels, transmissions etc. - within 20 minutes! KOP (Andymark) Old KOP no longer provided – new sheet metal kit-bot New KOP – modified (aka “Kitbot on Steroids”) 80/20 We have experience with material – Miss Daisy style or variant Bearing blocks are interesting for tensioning Vexpro kit-bot Specific robot aspect ratio – may not align with strategy Otherwise well made – 558 used it in 2013 – positive reports Custom – have prototype developed in the Fall Bumpers – generally a sort of afterthought Maybe optimize and easy on/off, strong system in Fall? Team 33 Killer Bee approach – Bumper provides strength of frame