The Rock Cycle By: Brianna Shields January 25, 2005

DO NOW 1. Which mineral characteristic is tested by rubbing the mineral on a porcelain tile or plate? 2. Which mineral characteristic is tested by scratching the mineral across other minerals or across items such as a nail, penny or glass? 3. How do you determine a mineral’s cleavage?

GOAL To know the three rock types, their formation, and the paths they might travel through during the rock cycle

Video: Rock Cycle Focus Questions:  How are igneous rocks formed?  How are metamorphic rocks formed?  How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Video: Rock Cycle

Rock Cycle Continuous changing of rocks from one kind to another  Takes long periods of time

Rock Cycle Igneous Rocks 1. Formed when magma or lava hardens

Rock Cycle Igneous Rocks

Rock Cycle Igneous Rocks 2. Classified by texture and what they are made of

Rock Cycle Igneous Rocks 3. Type depends on how fast or slow the lava cools  Slow cool = large crystals  Rapid cool= small crystals

Rock Cycle Igneous Rocks 4. Samples  Obsidian- cooled extremely fast Microscopic Crystals

Rock Cycle Igneous Rocks 4. Samples  Basalt- cooled quickly Small Crystals

Rock Cycle Igneous Rocks 4. Samples  Granite- cooled slowly Large Crystals

Igneous Rocks See if you can pick samples of obsidian, granite and basalt out of your mineral kit  Do not use the key to help you!  Use your memory of the powerpoint pictures!

Rock Cycle Sedimentary Rocks 1. Formed when layers of sediment harden  Rock bits harden into new rocks

Rock Cycle Sedimentary Rocks 2. Two ways to harden:  Pressure from sediment weight  Cementing by other minerals

Rock Cycle Sedimentary Rocks 3. Form where rivers meet oceans, as sediments are dumped

Rock Cycle Sedimentary Rocks 4. Samples  A. Shale- made from mud and clay

Rock Cycle Sedimentary Rocks 4. Samples  B. Sandstone- made from sand

Rock Cycle Sedimentary Rocks 4. Samples  C. Conglomerate- made from sand, pebbles and rocks

Rock Cycle Sedimentary Rocks 4. Samples  D. Limestone- made from shells of dead sea animals

Sedimentary Rocks See if you can pick samples of shale, sandstone, conglomerate, limestone out of your mineral kit  Do not use the key to help you!  Use your memory of the powerpoint pictures!

Rock Cycle Metamorphic Rocks 1. Rocks changed into new rocks due to high heat and great pressure

Rock Cycle Metamorphic Rocks 2. Form deep in Earth

Rock Cycle Metamorphic Rocks 3. Samples  Quartzite- forms from sandstone

Rock Cycle Metamorphic Rocks 3. Samples  Marble- forms from limestone

Rock Cycle Metamorphic Rocks 3. Samples  Slate- forms from shale

Metamorphic Rocks See if you can pick samples of quartzite, marble and slate out of your mineral kit  Do not use the key to help you!  Use your memory of the powerpoint pictures!

The Rock Cycle Use what you have learned to create a rock cycle diagram. Include:  Where and how each type of rock is found  Mountain  River  Ocean  Volcano  2 upper layers of the earth’s interior

Rock Cycle Diagrams

Identifying Rocks Pull rocks numbers 3, 4 out of the rock kit. Observe each rock Determine whether the rock is most likely igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic Support your answer with evidence

Interactive Websites Interactive Rock Cycle Animation

Assessment: Rock Cycle When rock fragments are compacted and cemented, what type of rocks do they become?

Assessment: Rock Cycle When metamorphic rocks are melted what do they become?

Assessment: Rock Cycle When magma cools and hardens, what type of rocks are formed?

Assessment: Rock Cycle When sedimentary rocks are really heated up and pressure is applied, what do they become?

Assessment: Rock Cycle When igneous rocks are weathered and eroded, what do they become?

Assessment: Rock Cycle What is the softest mineral on Moh’s hardness scale?

Assessment: Rock Cycle The breaking of a mineral along smooth, definite surfaces is called?

Assessment: Rock Cycle The way in which a mineral reflect light from its surface is its?

Assessment: Rock Cycle What are atleast 5 mineral properties/tests used to identify minerals?

Assessment: Rock Cycle Relate the cooling rate of magma to the crystal size in igneous rocks

Assessment: Rock Cycle The gemstone opal is a sedimentary rock that consists of microscopic balls of silica cemented together by water. Explain how an opalized clam shell may have formed.

Assessment: Rock Cycle Obsidian and diorite are both igneous rocks. Obsidian looks like black glass. At a distance, diorite is dark gray; up close, it becomes clear that it is made of black, gray and white grains. How do you account for the differences in these two rocks?

Assessment: Rock Cycle Suppose you have found a large mass of igneous rock between layers of sedimentary rock. Between the bottom of the igneous rock and the sedimentary rock you observe a thin layer of quartzite. The igneous rock itself is fine grained and very dark. What can you infer about the igneous formation’s history?