How did all of these rocks get here?

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Presentation transcript:

How did all of these rocks get here? The Story of Rocks How did all of these rocks get here?

Rock types Rock types are based on the way the rocks formed! Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

Igneous These rocks are formed from molten or liquid rock. Magma = liquid rock inside the Earth Lava = liquid rock on the surface.

Sedimentary These rocks are made of small fragments of rock cemented together The small fragments are broken down from larger rocks by wind, water, and other forces and carried away. Later they are deposited, buried deeper and deeper until they are compacted into rock.

Metamorphic These rocks start as igneous or sedimentary rocks. Rocks are changed by: 1) heat 2) pressure 3) chemical processes

Rock Cycle

Rock Cycle

Igneous Rocks

Igneous Rocks The main property of igneous rocks that allows us to identify which type of igneous rock that we have is – Texture The texture is based on how large the crystals. Crystal size depends on how fast the rock cooled (i.e. cooling rate)

Igneous Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks The main property that allows us to group sedimentary rocks is the source of sediments. Sediments can be: 1. Clastic 2. Chemical 3. Organic

Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – These sediments are composed of fragments that can be up to a meter in diameter or so small that the fragments cannot be seen with the naked eye.

Sedimentary Rocks Chemical – These fragments were dissolved in water and usually form at the bottoms of rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans

Sedimentary Rocks Organic – These fragments are from organic material like animals and plants

Sedimentary Rocks Common sedimentary features: Stratification (layering) Ripple marks (from waves) Cross bedding (different direction of beds) Mud cracks (dried mud) fossils (lithified animals and plants) concretions

Sedimentary Rocks Stratification

Sedimentary Rocks Ripple marks

Sedimentary Rocks Cross bedding

Sedimentary Rocks Mud Cracks

Sedimentary Rocks Fossils

Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks began their life as an igneous or sedimentary rock but underwent a physical change to become a new type of rock. What causes the changes? 1. Heat 2 Pressure 3. Chemicals

Metamorphic Rocks There are two basic types of metamorphism: 1. Contact Metamorphism 2. Regional metamorphism

Metamorphic Rocks Contact Metamorphism Occurs when rocks near a magma chamber are exposed to high levels of heat but not melted

Regional Metamorphism Metamorphic Rocks Regional Metamorphism Occurs when rocks are exposed to tectonic pressure or heat.

Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks How do we classify metamorphic rocks since they have a wide range of compositions and origins? Foliation!! Definition: Visible parallel bands (not layers) Metamorphic rocks are foliated or unfoliated

Metamorphic Rocks Foliation occurs because the mineral grains are squished by the intense heat or pressure

Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks Unfoliated