 Sequence the formation of sedimentary rocks  Explain the process of lithification  Describe features of sedimentary rocks

 Mechanical/Physical  Breakdown of rock  Does not change the rock’s composition  Only changes size and shape  Chemical  Changes the chemical composition of rocks  Acid rain, rust, calcite*

 Weathering and Erosion  Breakdown of rocks = weathering  Small particles of rocks = sediments  Particles range from really small to very large  Movement of sediments = erosion  Deposition  Sediments have been carried then deposited  Larger sediments deposit first

 Lithification  Sediments are turned into sedimentary rocks  Compaction  Particles pushed together due to more and more deposition  Water and air gets squeezed out  Cementation  Minerals grow and cement compressed particles together

 Sedimentary Features  Bedding  The making of layers that go horizontal in the rocks  Graded bedding  Small particles layer at the top of a layer  Larger particles layer are at the bottom layer  Cross bedding

 Ripple marks  Small ridges made by wind, waves or river current  Sorting and Rounding  Harder minerals generally take long to break apart  When sediments move they break apart and get rounded

 Describe the types of clastic sedimentary rocks  Explain how chemical sedimentary rocks form  Describe biochemical sedimentary rocks

 Types of Sedimentary rocks  Clastic  Rocks made of particles of other rocks  Coarse grained  Gravel sized particles  Medium grained  Sand sized particles  Fine grained  Silt/clay size particles

 Chemical and Biochemical  Result due to evaporation and precipitation of minerals  Chemical Sedimentary Rocks  Crystals precipitate out due to saturation  Crystals settle on the bottom  Called evaporites

 Biochemical  Formed from the remains of once living things  Shells settle on bottom are buried  Lithification then occurs  Water gets pushed out  Rocks like limestone are made

 Compare and Contrast the different types and causes of metamorphism  Distinguish among metamorphic textures  Explain how mineral and compositional changes occur during metamorphism  Apply the rock cycle to explain how rocks are classified

 Recognize metamorphic rocks  Metamorphism = to change  Changes result due to heat and pressure  High heat needed for metamorphism comes from the earths interior

 Metamorphic Textures  Foliated  Rocks that have undergone great pressure  Cause mineral to be compressed  This compression causes rocks to have layers  Non-Foliated  Rocks that have undergone great pressure and heat

 Types of Metamorphism  Regional  High temperatures and pressure affect an entire area  Contact metamorphism  Magma comes into contact with already existing rocks changes the existing rocks  Hydrothermal metamorphism  Hot water reacts with rocks  Gold, copper, zinc, and lead are formed this way

 Economic Importance of Metamorphic Rocks  Trade materials…Gold, silver, copper and lead  Building materials…marble, slate