Vocabulary  Topography: The landscape of a place  Precipitation: The process of forming rock from a solution through evaporation

Clastic Sedimentary Rock  Clastic rock is formed through when fragments of other rocks are deposited, compacted and cemented together.  Clastic rock can take many different forms depending on the size of the fragments (clasts)  Examples of clastic rocks include:  Shale, Sandstone, Mudstone, Conglomerate, and Coal

The fragments (clasts) can be very small or quite big SandstoneConglomerate

Chemical Sedimentary Rock  Chemical sedimentary rock forms through the process of PRECIPITATION. A solution such as sea water evaporates and leaves behind the minerals to create a new rock.  Limestone is made from a solution of Calcite that comes from sea shells  Halite (rock salt) is made when highly concentrated salt water  Often, these types of rocks are formed in arid climates where evaporation is most intense

Some examples… HaliteLimestone

Organic Sedimentary Rock  Organic sedimentary rock is made from organic matter  Because organic matter can burn, this kind of rock is often used for energy.  Coal is made from dead vegetation in swamps that is compacted over time  Oil is made from dead microorganisms (like algae) that fall to the bottom of the ocean and are compacted over millions of years.  That is why they are called FOSSIL FUELS!!

Coal Mining

Where is oil found  Oil is found in sedimentary rocks that are POROUS and can soak up the oil.  When geologists are looking for oil, they look for sedimentary rocks like shale that can hold oil.