Diagram of the Interior of the Earth Crust 0 to 40 km 0°C Upper Mantle 40 to 670 km 1,000°C Lower Mantle 670 to 2,890 km 2,000°C Outer Core 2,890 to 5,150 km 3,700°C Inner Core 5,150 to 6,370 km 4,300°C Prepared by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Office of Geological Survey

 Minerals – Naturally formed solid that has a repeating three-dimensional shape  Minerals are Nonliving material Have crystals Formed in nature solid

 Luster  Color  Streak  Cleavage and Fracture  Density  Hardness

Which property means the way the light bounces off the mineral?

What words can be used to describe a mineral’s luster? Glassy, dull, shiny, greasy

Why is color not a good property to use to identify a mineral? Many minerals have the same color. slate limestone

Streak is simply the color of a mineral powder.

What are three testers that can be used to determine a mineral’s hardness? fingernail, penny, nail

 What rock will scratch Calcite but not scratch Orthoclase?

Hardness of some other items: 2.5Fingernail 2.5–3Gold, Silver 3Copper penny 4-4.5Platinum 4-5Iron 5.5Knife blade 6-7Glass 6.5Iron pyrite 7+Hardened steel file

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 Minerals combine to form rocks  There are three types of rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

 Igneous forms when hot, liquid rock, or magma, cools and hardens  Igneous rock formed on the surface is called extrusive  Rock formed under surface is intrusive

ExtrusiveIntrusive

 Sedimentary rocks are formed from compaction and sedimentation  Sedimentary contain layers called strata

 Metamorphic rock is formed by heat and pressure

= Heat and Pressure +