Some Basic Geology Classes of Rocks. Igneous Formed by solidification of gaseous or molten material from cooling magma or lava More commonly seen in areas.

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Presentation transcript:

Some Basic Geology Classes of Rocks

Igneous Formed by solidification of gaseous or molten material from cooling magma or lava More commonly seen in areas such as the Canadian Shield where bedrock from the Precambrian lies at the surface. Examples: basalt, obsidian, granite (cools more slowly), volcanic ash (tuffa, pumice)

Basalt

Basalt Columns Giant's Causeway - Ireland

Devil’s Tower, WY

Basalt Columns Keweenaw Peninsula Michigan

Basalt with Opal

Obsidian

Obsidian

Obsidian

Granite

Volcanic Ash (Tuff)

Volcanic Ash (Pumice)

Canadian Shield

Sedimentary Formed by compaction of material  Clastic rocks: older rock broken up by ice, wind, water (erosion) Shale, sandstone, clay  Organically/chemically produced rocks Limestone, chalk, coal – from living organisms Salt - chemical Gypsum - chemical

Limestone

Starfish in Illinois limestone

Thornton Quarry

Layers of sediment formed on a sloping portion of the Silurian reef.

Devonian Dolomite Silurian Limestone: which is older?

Dolomite from Joliet Dolomite cliff

Sandstone

Saint Peter Sandstone along Rock River

French Canyon at Starved Rock State Park. Also St. Peter sandstone.

Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan Lake Superior

Puddingstone Type of sedimentary rock Michigan Puddingstone is a conglomerate of primarily quartzite and pebbles of jasper

Metamorphic Form when igneous or sedimentary rocks are changed by heat, pressure, or infiltration with other materials  Characteristics flaky: slate (comes from mud) non-flaky: marble (comes from limestone) sparkly: gneiss (comes from igneous or sedimentary rocks) Quartzite: comes from sandstone

Slate – metamorphic mud

Marble – metamorphic limestone

Metamorphic Granite Gneiss = sparkling

Quartzite – Metamorphic sandstone

Baraboo Quartzite, Wisconsin

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