ICCAs for biodiversity in development cooperation EuropeAid-Iran Peongchang, Republic of Korea, 13 October, 2014 Taghi Farvar & Nahid Naghizadeh, CENESTA, UNINOMAD, & ICCA Consortium

Land Use in Iran A vast country in Southwest Asia, at the world’s arid belt Total land: 165,000,000 ha (1,650,000 km2) Rangelands 85,000,000 ha (52%) Forests ≈15,000,000 ha (9%) Agricultural lands ≈18,000,000 (11%) Other lands mostly deserts and urban/ industrial areas ≈47,000,000 (28%) 700 Indigenous Nomadic tribes spread over 32 million hectares of the country’s rangelands– nearly 40 % of the total, & some half of the forest areas

Ethno-linguistic diversity

3. Strengthening conserved territories (ICCAs) and using their features, including buffer zones preserved for times of drought

Historic events in Iran affecting nomadic indigenous territories Changes in governance in the past century The ancestral territories of indigenous nomadic tribes of Iran have been under attack since the 1920s, when the autocratic father of the Shah of Iran began sedentarisation at gunpoint. His son “nationalised” the territories by decree, and now there is massive land grabbing by both private and public sectors for refineries, factories, military bases, ecotourism and agricultural projects, large dams and roads and state- run “protected areas”....

Diagram classifying different range utilization modescurrently existing in the former tribal customary territories( pre-agrarian reforms).

10 Some 700 tribes and tribal confederacies in Iran (in the form of 100 tribal confederacies and 600 independent tribes “ million population”)

Ecological Integrity Territorial Integrity Governance Integrity The ICCA Recognition Process

Empowering Iran’s indigenous nomadic tribes: Towards poverty eradication and nature conservation through diversification of income and wealth generation activities and the promotion of ICCAs

Re-empowerment process of IPs and LCs in Iran

Key Components of CONSERVATION (1) Key Components of BIODIVERSITY (2) Key Components of ICCA (3) 1.Preservation; 2.Sustainable use; 3.Restoration of territories and areas 1.Ecosystems; 2.Species; 3.Genetic resources. 1.A well-defined indigenous people or community in a close relation with an equally-well defined site or species embedded in local culture, identity, livelihood; 2.The people or community has— formally or in practice— a major role in management decisions about the site &/or species; 3.Their decisions & efforts lead to the conservation of the site &/or species. Relationship between conservation, biodiversity and ICCAs: (1) World Conservation Strategy. Gland, Switzerland. IUCN, WWF and UNEP, (2) Convention on Biological Diversity. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, (3) See the website: The ICCA Consortium is an organisation whose members are indigenous peoples, local traditional communities and other organisations dedicated to supporting conservation by indigenous peoples and traditional communities. CENESTA is a founding member of the ICCA Consortium. The Chair of CENESTA is currently the President of the Consortium.

Community ICCA Declaration for each ICCA— Farrokh-vand Tribe of Bakhtiari TC

Participatory GIS and Participatory hand-drawn map of Migration routes- Shahsevan Tribal Confederacy Despite much destruction of the migratory routes, traditional forms of migration are still practiced, albeit with difficulties 17

Schematic representation of invasion of community rights over natural resources in indigenous nomadic customary territories- Shaseven TC

PGIS & PMapping Bakhtiari Tribal Confederacy

20 PGIS & PMapping Qashqai Tribal Confederacy Kushk-e-Zar Wetland

Examples of ICCAs in Iran Sustainable Trapping in managed Bird Sanctuary ICCA Forest ICCA: in Kurdistan Wetland in Qashqai Territory Inverted Tulips Plain: Bakhtiari tribal territory Tribal summering grounds: highland forests Migration as a conservation Strategy in Nomadic ICCAs Camel ICCA in Desert

Developing a system for registering Community Biodiversity Registers (CBRs) for wild and domestic flora and fauna

Community Biodiversity Registers (CBRs) and Protocols (CBPs) In view of the CBD NagoyaProtocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing

Innovative Strategy to Cope with Drought Conservation of Wildlife Dairy Products Community Based Ecotourism The role of ICCAs in conservation of nature and sustaining the livelihoods of their respective communities and peoples

Towards formalising the acceptance and recognition of ICCAs