OGT TERMS (1-10) GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR THE OHIO GRADUATION TEST

ABSOLUTE MONARCHY A government totally controlled by a hereditary ruler, whose commands are law. (133) One way absolute monarchies are similar to dictatorships is that citizens under both systems of government typically A. can elect new leadership by voting in elections. B. have greater freedoms than citizens in democracies. C. can amend their constitutions by gathering signatures on petitions. D. must engage in revolution in order to achieve governmental change. D

2008 Test How do absolute monarchs differ from constitutional monarchs in their ability to use power? A. The power of absolute monarchs is unlimited. B. The power of absolute monarchs is maintained through periodic elections. C. The power of absolute monarchs is limited by the fundamental laws of the country. D. The power of absolute monarchs depends on continued support from their political party. A

AMENDMENT An addition to the text of the U.S. Constitution. (127) One way the U.S. Constitution evolves is through the amendment process. How were the changes that occurred as a result of the ratification of the 19th and 26th Amendments similar? A. Large groups of people gained the right to vote. B. The right of individuals to bear arms was restricted. C. The powers of the federal government were expanded. D. The separation of church and state was more clearly defined. A

2008 Test Although the 14th Amendment to the Constitution extended the rights of citizenship to “all persons” born or naturalized in the United States, discrimination on the basis of gender still existed throughout much of the country during the late 1800s. Which was a consequence of this discrimination? A. the end of the military draft for women B. the growth of the women’s suffrage movement C. the beginning of sit-ins to desegregate lunch counters D. the continuation of efforts to end university admissions quotas B

AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR WWhy was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800s? AA. Unions were needed to guarantee a steady supply of workers. BB. Union membership was required for employment in new industries. CC. Factory owners set up labor unions in order to control their large workforce. DD. Unions organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions and long workdays An organization created in 1881 as a loose combination of unions of skilled workers, like carpenters. (31) D

AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT (AIM) An organization founded in 1968 to obtain fairer treatment of American Indians. (83)

Test Question for AIM The Indian Tribal Justice Act of 1993 is an example of federal civil rights legislation. Read the following excerpt from the act: Indian tribes possess the inherent authority to establish their own form of government, including tribal justice systems... traditional tribal justice practices are essential to the maintenance of the culture and identity of Indian tribes.... This act was an attempt to redress the consequences of A. the use of internment camps during World War II. B. past government policies that oppressed and discriminated against Native Americans. C. granting citizenship to Native Americans under the 1924 General Citizenship Act. D. Jim Crow legislation enacted by southern states during the late 1800s and early 1900s. B

APARTHEID The former South African policy of separation of the races and oppression of South African Blacks. (82)

APPEASEMENT The policy of granting concessions to a potential aggressor to avoid conflict. In the 1930’s British and French leaders appeased Adolf Hitler. (48) BBritain and France suffered heavy casualties during World War I. BBecause of this, when faced with Axis expansion before World War II, these countries were AA. unwilling to take actions that might start another war. BB. prepared to use military intervention wherever necessary. CC. dependent on the United States to intervene in an international crisis. DD. reluctant to call upon the League of Nations to settle disputes. A

Appeasement

ARMENIAN MASSACRE An act of genocide by the rulers of Ottoman Turkey during World War I against Christian Armenians, in which a half million Armenians died. (85)

BIAS A strong point of view or prejudice. (153) Which source of information would be the most credible (least biased) in determining the durability of various brands of computers? A. a salesman at a computer products store B. a neighbor who works for a computer manufacturing company C. a television advertisement for the most popular brand of computer D. an independent survey of consumers who have purchased computer D

2008 Test Which source of information About a candidate for the school board would likely be biased? A televised debate of all the school board candidates. B. A copy of the candidate’s voting record from her previous term. C. A letter to the newspaper editor from a supporter of the candidate. D. A copy of the candidate’s latest income tax return. C

2009 Test A newspaper prints an article about a bill in the U.S. Senate. What would indicate that the article is biased in favor of the bill? A. The article quotes the entire text of the bill. B. The article is printed before the final vote on the bill. C. The article quotes only senators who support the bill. D. The article indicates that the president will likely veto the bill. C

BOXER REBELLION ( ) A popular uprising that sought to remove foreigners and foreign influence from China in reaction to imperialism. (36)

BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION (1954) A landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that ordered racially segregated public schools to be integrated, overturning the “separate but equal” ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson. (86)

BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION (1954)

2008 Test Minority students in public Schools were given constitutional guarantees to equal educational opportunities as a result of the A. decision in Plessy v. Ferguson. B. ratification of the 19th amendment. C. ratification of the 26th amendment. D. decision in Brown v. Board of Education. D