World Music Presentation The Aka Pygmies vs. Guillaume de Machaut

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Higher Early Music.

Advertisements

Gothic Period Music Irene Milidakis Cultural Studies.

Medieval Music. Sacred Music Plainchant – Single, simple melodic line – Sacred text – Notation used neumes – Hildegard Von Bingen Wrote antiphons (poetic.

M1104 Music Appreciation Test 1

An Abbreviated History of Western Classical Music

Elements of Music (continued)

SECULAR MUSIC IN THE MIDDLE AGES  Troubadours and trouveres: –First large body of secular songs surviving –Composed during 12 th and 13 th c.  Best known.

The Renaissance Era Audio Clip is Bovicelli 1400 – 1600 “Rebirth”

Music in the Middle Ages

Music History The Renaissance (rebirth).

Renaissance Music. Sacred vs. Secular Music was divided into two entities: Sacred Music Secular Music What is the difference?

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill The World of Music 6 th edition Part 4 Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter.

Medieval Period - Continued Polyphony The combination of two or more simultaneous melodic lines. Helped bring about meters and precise notation.

Medieval and Renaissance

Music in the Middle Ages

Music of the Dark Ages. Medieval music was both sacred and secular. During the earlier medieval period, the liturgical genre, predominantly Gregorian.

Medieval & Renaissance. Medieval Church Music 800 – 1400 Plainchant/Plainsong The earliest written down music, sung in churches by monks & priests 

A Rebirth of Knowledge Renaissance means rebirth. This period saw a rebirth in knowledge. The Renaissance was turning from God to man. Science and.

The Renaissance ( ).

Chapter 6 The Renaissance The “High Renaissance” Style.

Music in the Early Renaissance  Merging of music (more of an international style)  Moved toward composing polyphonic music that was often imitative.

Palestrina WHAT ARE WE LEARNING TODAY? Learn about Composers in the Renaissance Period Learn about the importance of Sacred Music in the Renaissance.

Characteristics  In Renaissance music, rhythm is more a gentle flow than a sharply defined beat  Each melodic line has great rhythmic independence 

By Ross.  The Mass is a form of sacred musical composition, It is liturgical sacred language of the Catholic Church's Roman liturgy. Latin text and polyphonic.

Medieval and Renaissance Music. Learning Intentions/Success Criteria Today we will… Examine music from the Renaissance period Develop our understanding.

Medieval and Renaissance Music

Chant. The earliest music of the Middle Ages was sung slowly and without rhythm or harmony. Everyone sang the same thing, which is singing in unison.

Music: An Appreciation 10th Edition by Roger Kamien

Music in the Middle Ages ( )

Begins on page 65 Chapter 8 Medieval Music Medieval Times  Lasted from about 1100 to 1450  Scholasticism  Chivalry  Founding of universities  Building.

Medieval and Renaissance Music

CHAPTER 12 FOURTEENTH-CENTURY MUSIC IN REIMS: GUILLUAME DE MACHAUT.

Sacred Genre of the Renaissance ( )

Renaissance Period. Society Church less powerful because of reformation Humanism Printing press spread learning Educated people taught music Musical activity.

Music History and Composer Study

Instrumental music Largely improvised Largely improvised Categories: Categories: Soft (stringed instruments) Vielle Loud (wind instruments) Shawm (ancestor.

Unit 2 The Middle Ages ( ).

Music in the Middle Ages

Dates:Music: Earliest notated Gregorian Chant Manuscripts (c. 900) Troubadours and trouveres (c ) Hildegard of Bingen, O successores.

The Middle Ages: Roman Empire, Dark Ages, the Crusades, Feudalism &… The ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH ~1,000-1,400: Cathedrals and Universities ~ 1,300’s:

2nd grade music - Marking Period 1 During Marking Period 1, students practice identifying and describing the classification of classroom and orchestral.

 The history of music in medieval Europe is very much intertwined with the history of the Christian Church  In the first millennium, most churches rejected.

 Most important musicians were priests that worked for the church  Boys received music education in schools, while girls were not allowed.

Music in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The Middle Ages ( A.D.) Also know as the Medieval Period Begins around the time that Roman Empire.

Songs-Genres  Sacred: religious text  Mass: Order of the Mass  Kyrie, Gloria,Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, Benedictus  Example: “Gloria” from the Mass.

Nonwestern Music Materials Reflects/expresses world’s diversity Each culture has its music practice –Some have all three—folk, pop, and classical These.

Music of the Middle Ages Monophonic Music Single voice music Plain song Gregorian Chant.

Medieval & Renaissance Periods

© McGraw-Hill Higher Education Music: An Appreciation 9th Edition by Roger Kamien Part II The Middle Ages.

Medieval Music A Quick Overview. Overview Most of the music we have today comes from the Catholic church worship service. Q: Why might this be? A: The.

Music of the Medieval Period

Italy Humanism- the idea of human dignity and worth Greek and Roman Model for education and art You could improve your status through “genius”

Every culture in the world embraces some type of religious or spiritual worship One common thread running through virtually all religions is the use of.

Renaissance Music

RENAISSANCE TO BAROQUE Welcome to Music History. Composers and their dates Renaissance Composers:  Giovanni Palestrina: 1525 – 1594  Known for writing.

THE MEDIEVAL ERA. SACRED VS SECULAR Sacred = music of the church Sacred = music of the church Secular = music anywhere else, popular music Secular = music.

HOW MUSICAL LINES INTERACT Musical Texture (Harmony), Form, and Style.

A. Guido de Arezzo B. Hildegard von Bingen C. Pope Gregory D. The Roman emperor.

Music History: Medieval and Renaissance Periods

UNDERSTANDING THE ROMAN CATHOLIC MASS By Jennifer Cook.

Music in the Middle Ages

The World of Music 6th edition

The Renaissance Era Audio Clip is Bovicelli.

Music: An Appreciation 10th Edition by Roger Kamien

Early Music – Medieval Some examples and resources.

2nd grade music - Marking Period 1

OUR MUSICAL ROOTS.

Guilliame de Machaut Notre Dame Mass.

Presentation transcript:

World Music Presentation The Aka Pygmies vs. Guillaume de Machaut Hannah Youngwirth

Who are the Aka Pygmies? Southwestern Central African Republic and the Northern Congo Smaller tribe of Mbenga tribe The Aka are nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes that reside mainly in the rain forests. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZtxZ5IWsJk

Data of the Region 15 different tribes, app. 30,000 members total Tight-knit families, “world’s best dad” The Aka speak their own language (Akais Diaka , along with the Bantu of the surrounding tribes.

Influences Main instruments are the enzeko (drum), a harp-like geedale-bagongo, a flute-like instrument known as the Hindewhu, and a single string bow known as the melba. Rhythm: hand-clapping and stomping. Isolation=more singing! Akais Diaka is characterized by three tones

Influences Cont. Animistic religion, they worship Jengi and Luma Religious Ceremonies for various occasions Ceremonies include feasting, dancing, and singing. They model the hunt.

Polyphony The complex polyphonic music, combined with the contrapuntal communal improvisation, plays a significant role in the lives of the tribe members. Polyphony: two or more independent melodic voices Contrapuntal: the relationship between two or more voices independent in contour, rhythm, and harmony

The Polyphonic Improvisations of the Aka The Aka tribes sing to entertain and worship Yodeling + polyphonic contrapuntal phrases based on four original voices, all sung at different intervals. Accompanied by most commonly a “2 by 3” rhythm pattern. Each singer includes their own improvisation and different variations.

Aka Music Theory Melody: The polyphonic melodies begin to emerge as the song continues, each new member of the song making their own unique addition. Medium: The medium begins with simply flute, then the drums and vocals are introduced. As the song moves on, the vocals take lead in the song. Harmony: The harmonies are not planned, but rather created as the musical improvisations continue. Meter: 2 by 3 rhythm pattern Form: The form is improvised, following the traditional ritualistic pattern Style: The style is tribal gathering instrumental improvisations Context: Tribal chanting in which the vocal variations make use of different techniques, rhythms, and tones.

Guilluame de Machaut Leading composer of the Middle Ages Composed sacred and secular music He was born in Rheims, Champagne He was Secretary/Canon to the king Also a talented poet. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DALBMRwsfxo

His Music Secular work pertains to courtly love Sacred music is cyclic with no tonal center or extended melodic theme Fueled the Ars Nova Movement

Prominent Works His motets showcase his expansion of harmonies to contain more intervals of the 3rd and 6th. Best known for the Messe de Nostre Dame, the earliest known setting of Mass belonging to one composer. This is composed of the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, and Ite missa est.

Messe de Nostre Dame “Mass of Our Lady”-a polyphonic and isorythmic mass The five movements are the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei, followed by the dismissal Ite, missa est. Translates: Cry, Glory Be to God, I Believe, Holy, Lamb of God, and Go, Be Dismissed

“Messe” Music Theory Melody: The melody is shared between a four-voiced mass, and Machaut’s use of polyphony leads to each voice singing different tunes, contrasting harmonically. Medium: Voice (4 male voices) Harmony: The polyphony leads to each voice acting as a contrasting harmony to the other Meter: isorythmic pulse Form: Follows the “standard” mass format Style: Mass/Sacred Context: Used to open the Mass Text: Kyrie Eleison (Lord Have Mercy)

In Comparison, Both are polyphonic Akas composes for recreation, Machaut composes for profit Akas have limited resources, Machaut has many different instruments and singers available Machaut has to consider the appeal to the audience Both are polyphonic Aka improvise thorughout the work, the messe singers enter as one body Machaut uses isorythm, Akas have a 2 by 3 rhythm pattern Both write for entertainment as well as religion Music is a way of life

Just For Funsies… Learn to Chant like a Pygmy

References: "Aka Forest People." Youtube. Youtube, 06 Jul 2009. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRVPieyKv8M&feature=related>. "The Polyphonic Singing of the Aka Pygmies of Central Africa." Youtube. Youtube, 26 Sep 2009. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKLxFmnYO_I>. "Aka people." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 01 Nov 2011. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aka_people>. "Mbuti people." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 13 Oct 2011. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbuti>. "Pygmy Music." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 12 Oct 2011. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmy_music>. "Baka people (Cameroon and Gabon)."Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 01 Nov 2011. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baka_(Cameroon_and_Gabon)>. "Messe de Nostre Dame." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 06 May 2011. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messe_de_Nostre_Dame>. Luis, Mauro. "Aka Pymgies."Pygmies.Org. Pymgies.Org, 07 Nov 2011. Web. 07 Nov 2011. <http://www.pygmies.org/aka/>. "Polyphonic singing of the Aka Pygmies." ETHNIKKA. ETHNIKKA, 17 Apr 2011. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://www.ethnikka.org/2011/04/polyphonic-singing-of-aka-pygmies.html>. "The Polyphonic Singing of the Aka Pygmies of Central Africa."UNESCO. UNESCO, 2008. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00082>. "Aka ." Countries and Their Culture. Advameg, Inc., n.d. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Brazil-to-Congo-Republic-of/Aka.html>. Schmidt-Jones, Catherine. "Music Texture." Music Theory. CNX.Org, n.d. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://www.aboutmusictheory.com/music-texture.html>. McComb, Todd. "Guillaume de Machaut (c.1300-1377)." Medieval. N.p., 06 Nov 2011. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/composers/machaut.html>. Kaplan, Mitchell. "The Fourteenth Century Composer." Classical Forums. Classical Forums, 24 jul 2006. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://www.classicalforums.com/articles/Fourteenth_Century_Composer.html>. "Guillaume de Machaut." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 6 Nov 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/354543/Guillaume-de-Machaut>.