The Mongols in China

Objective Mongols, Genghis Khan and his sons, built an empire that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe.

Essential Understanding For thousands of years, the horse was the most important form of Transportation in the world. How did the use their skills of horseback riding to build such a vast empire.

Mongols lived north of China

They were made up of Tribes . Groups of related families, loosely joined together.

Mongols were Herders Raised cattle, sheep, goats, and horses

The animals grazed in the STEPPES Wide, rolling, grassy plains from the Black sea to Northern China

Nomads – People who have no permanent home Mongols followed their herds and lived where they grazed. These felt TENTS is what they will live in.

Horseback riding was a way of life for Mongolians They learn to ride by the age of 4 and they practically live on the back of a horse.

Another Mongol skill was the ability to wage war While on horseback they could fire arrows, throw spears, and wield swords.

They were ruthless warriors

Q&A North South 1. What were the 2 things Mongolians were known for? Horseback Riding Waging war 2. Where did the Mongolians have their herds of animals graze? In the STEPPES or grassy plains of Mongolia and northern China. 3.Mongolia is _______ China and _______ of Russia. North South

Objective Mongols, Genghis Khan and his sons, built an empire that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe.

Essential Understanding For thousands of years, the horse was the most important form of Transportation in the world. How did the use their skills of horseback riding to build such a vast empire.

The Man who will Unite the Mongols Who was Genghis Khan? The Man who will Unite the Mongols

His name was Temujin Which meant “Blacksmith” As a young man he began uniting the Mongol Tribes

1206 meeting of Mongol leaders in the Gobi desert At the meeting Temujin was elected “Genghis Khan” means “Strong Ruler”

Genghis Brought new laws

Group of tribal chiefs to help him plan military campaigns From the time he was elected to his death he fought to spread the empire beyond the borders of Mongolia

Genghis Khan’s Army More than 100,000 men – warriors in well trained and loyal groups of men

Officers commanded the groups with in the Army They were chosen by ability not by who their families were.

Mongols were the most skilled fight force in the world

Genghis 1st conquered the people of the Steppes These Victories brought wealth and new soldiers for the Army

Mongols became powerful 1211 they invade China & in 3 years the control northern China

Attacked the cities along the Silk Road Now he controls the silk Road

Genghis Khan and his warriors were known for their use of ??? Terror – the use of violent actions to scare people into surrendering. Warriors attacked, robbed, & burned cities

Reputation will precede them Mongols became known for their fierce ways People would surrendered without fighting

Q&A 4. What was Genghis Khan birth name? and what does it mean? Temujin – means “Blacksmith” 5. What does Genghis Khan mean? Strong Ruler 6. Why did he use terror to scare people into surrendering? Sometimes they would not even fight because of his reputation 7. What were his warriors like? They were well trained and very loyal to Genghis Khan

Objective Mongols, Genghis Khan and his sons, built an empire that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe.

Essential Understanding For thousands of years, the horse was the most important form of Transportation in the world. How did the use their skills of horseback riding to build such a vast empire.

The Mongol Empire Genghis Khan died in 1227 Empire was divided among his 4 sons

The Mongol Empire Continued to expand into eastern & Central Europe and southwest Asia.

1258 Baghdad falls to Mongol rule The Mongol Empire 1258 Baghdad falls to Mongol rule Pushed into Syria Palestine then into Egypt.

1260 They were finally stopped by the Muslim rulers of Egypt. The Mongol Empire 1260 They were finally stopped by the Muslim rulers of Egypt.

The Mongol Empire Unified land from the Pacific to eastern Europe Largest land empire the world has ever known

The Mongol Empire Despite War and destruction the Mongols brought peace and encourage trade. They taxed those who traded a grew wealthy

The Mongol Empire Mongols respected those who they conquered, especially the advanced societies. Adopted customs and beliefs, religions, for example Islam and Turkish, Arab,& Persian Ways.

The Mongols Empire The Chinese introduced the Mongols to GUNPOWDER And Fire Lances

Objective Mongols, Genghis Khan and his sons, built an empire that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe.

Q&A 8. What happened in 1227 and why was the Empire divided into 4 sections? Genghis Khan Dies in 1227 and the Empire was divided among his 4 sons 9. What city fell to Mongol rule in 1258? Baghdad 10. What was unique about the Mongol Empire? It was the largest land empire the world has seen Even though they were quite destructive they brought peace, trade, and wealth to the Empire. They were are also respectful of the advanced societies the conquered and borrowed many useful 11. What Chinese invention aided the Mongol wars of conquest efforts? Gunpowder and the Fire Lance.

Objective The Mongols conquered China and created a new Dynasty that tried to conquer Japan and began trading with the rest of Asia.

Essential Understanding What does it mean to be Tolerant? How did the Mongols use tolerance to rule China?

1260 the Mongols name Genghis’s Grandson, Kublai, the new KHAN. Mongol Rule in China 1260 the Mongols name Genghis’s Grandson, Kublai, the new KHAN.

Mongol Rule in China Kublai continued the Mongol conquest of China Moved the capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq in northern China Today Khanbaliq is Beijing

Mongol Rule in China 1271 Kublai Khan becomes China’s next emperor Within 10 years they conquer southern China

Mongol Rule in China Kublai Khan starts the Yuan Dynasty would last 100 years – 30 of those years are ruled by Kublai Yuan means Beginning

Kublai gives Mongol leaders top jobs in the Chinese government . Mongol Rule in China Kublai gives Mongol leaders top jobs in the Chinese government . But he knew he needed to let many of the top Chinese Scholars/leaders keep their jobs to allow the Chinese government to run.

Mongol Rule in China How were the Mongols different from the Chinese? Mongols had their own Language, Laws, & customs.

They did not mix with the Chinese People. Mongol Rule in China This kept them separate from Chinese society, Mongol Leaders were at the top of Chinese Society. They did not mix with the Chinese People.

Q&A 12. Who was Genghis Khan’s grandson? What country did he focus his conquest on? Kublai Khan & he conquered the rest of China 13. What modern day city is located where Khanbaliq was located? Beijing the modern day capital of China 14. Kublai started what Dynasty? How long did it last? Kublai Khan started the Yuan Dynasty and it lasted 100 years 15. Who was given jobs in the Chinese government? Mongol leaders were given top jobs and many Chinese scholars/leaders were allowed to keep their positions in order to allow the government to run.

Essential Understanding What does it mean to be Tolerant? How did the Mongols use tolerance to rule China?

Mongols Rule in China Mongols were Buddhist and practiced religious tolerance and allowed other religions to practice in their empire. Christians, Muslims, & Hindus.

Mongol Rule in China They brought wealth and power more than any other dynasty. Khanbaliq was known for Its… Wide Streets, Beautiful Palaces, and Fine Homes.

Mongol Rule in China Marco Polo – MARCO! – POLO! Travels to China . Kublai is fascinated by his stories and for 16 years Kublai sent Polo on Fact finding trips On his return to Europe he wrote a book on the wonders of China & it amazed Europeans.

Mongols Rule in China Mongol Empire stretched from China to Europe. Increased trade with goods like silver, spices, carpets, cotton came from Europe China shipped out tea, silk, and porcelain and other Chinese discoveries like steel, gunpowder, & the compass.

Conquered Vietnam to the South Mongol Rule in China They Looked to expand their empire conquering Korea, the Koryo remained in power but accepted Mongol Control. Conquered Vietnam to the South

We will continue this conversation when we study Japan Mongol Rule in China They forced the Koreans to build warships that they would use on their Conquest of Japan. We will continue this conversation when we study Japan

Objective The Mongols conquered China and created a new Dynasty that tried to conquer Japan and began trading with the rest of Asia.

Q&A 16. What religion do most Mongols practice and how did this effect their opinion of other religions? The Mongols were Buddhist and they allowed for religious tolerance of all religions with in the Empire. 17. What European explorer did Kublai Khan befriend? Marco Polo 18. Name some of the items traded on the silk road. Silver, spices, carpets, cotton, tea, silk, & porcelain 19. What country did the Mongols take control of and what country did they focus their next and last attack on? The Mongols took control of Korea and made them build warships for their next and final conquest JAPAN.

Lesson connection 20.The Mongols had the largest land empire in the history of the world. Isn’t ironic that their conquest of Japan would cripple the empire. What does it mean to be Ironic? And why was this ironic? Write a short response to this question.