A Flawed Peace Chapter 13-4

Learning targets I can…………………….. 7. Explain the terms of the Treaty of Versailles 8. Discuss the reaction of both the U.S. and European governments to the Treaty of Versailles. 9. Describe the purpose of the League of Nations. 10. Explain the reasons the U.S. refused to enter into the League of Nations. 11. Evaluate the effectiveness of the League of Nations and The Treaty of Versailles.

The Allies Meet and Debate

Key Leaders Come Together This group of leaders was known as the Big Four dominated the peace talks in Paris at Versailles.

United States President Woodrow Wilson

France Georges Clemenceau

Great Britain Prime Minister, David Lloyd George

Italy Vittorio Orlando

Wilson’s Plan for Peace Wilson did not want to heavily punish Germany, the allied did. Wilson proposes Fourteen Points—an outline for lasting world peace. Calls for free trade and an end to alliances and military buildups Promotes self-determination—right of people to govern their own nation Envisions international peace-keeping body to settle world disputes (League of Nations)

Fourteen Points End of secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade Arms reductions Adjustment of colonial claims Settlement of questions regarding Russian territory Restoration of Belgium Restoration of France’s territories including Alsace-Lorraine Readjustment of Italy’s borders Peoples of Austria-Hungary given self-determination Serbia given access to the sea and can join with other Balkan states (Yugoslavia created). Turkish portion of Ottoman empire sovereign, but other portions given self-determination. Dardanelles open to as shipping passage to all nations. Independent Poland League of Nations

The League of Nations The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the agreement because it feared it would lead the U.S. into future conflict. As a result the League of Nations was weak and did not prevent WWII. As a result, the U.S. also did not sign the Treaty of Versailles.

The Versailles Treaty Britain and France oppose Wilson’s ideas and want to punish Germany. Allies and Germany sign an accord—the Treaty of Versailles—in June 1919. Creates League of Nations—international organization to keep peace. Blames Germans for war, forces Germany to pay damages (reparations) to nations. League to rule German colonies until deemed ready for independence.

A Troubled Treaty

The Creation of New Nations The Versailles Treaty, other peace accords change the look of Europe Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire all lose lands Former Ottoman lands in Southwest Asia turn into mandates New countries in southeastern Europe Russia gives up land.

Europe Pre-World War I

New European Countries Post World War I Finland-land lost by Russia Estonia-land lost by Russia Latvia-land lost by Russia Lithuania-land lost by Russia Poland-restored from land lost by Germany and Russia Czechoslovakia Austria Hungary Romania-gained land Yugoslavia

Mandates in Africa and Middle East French Mandate of Syria French Mandate of Lebanon British Mandate of Palestine British Mandate of Transjordan British Mandate of Iraq British Togoland French Togoland British Cameroon French Cameroon Ruanda-Urundi Tanganyika South-West Africa

“A Peace Build on Quicksand” Treaty of Versailles creates feelings of bitterness on both sides German people feel bitter and betrayed after taking blame for war America never ratifies Treaty of Versailles Many Americans oppose League of Nations and involvement with Europe Some former colonies express anger over not winning independence Japan, Italy criticize agreement; gain less land than they want

Impact of the Treaty of Versailles It led to a spirit of revenge for Germany. Japan and others were angered at not receiving consideration. War would not be prevented and would in fact lead to WWII.