USEFULNESS OF MOCK EXERCISES FOR INCULCATING CULTURE OF PREPAREDNESS BY BRIG (DR) B K KHANNA, Sr. SPECIALIST (TRAINING & CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT) NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY .

EFFECT OF JAPANESE THREE DISASTERS: REVIEW OF EFFECT OF SUCH DISASTERS HAPPENING IN INDIAN CONDITIONS

EARTHQUAKE ZONE I ZONE - I

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

EARTHQUAKE ZONE II ZONE - II

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES ZONE - II MATHURA - Petrochemical industry KUTHETHOOR - Petrochemical industry NARIMANAM - Petrochemical industry CHENNAI - Petrochemical industry VISHAKAPATNAM - Petrochemical industry

EARTHQUAKE ZONE III ZONE - III

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES ZONE - III PANIPATH - Petrochemical industry KOYALI - Petrochemical industry HAZIR - Petrochemical industry MATHURA - Petrochemical industry BARAUNI - Petrochemical industry NAGOTHANE - Petrochemical industry RABLE - Petrochemical industry MUMBAI- Petrochemical industry HALDIA - Petrochemical industry

EARTHQUAKE ZONE IV ZONE - IV

Barauni - Petrochemical industry RABLE - Petrochemical industry PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

ZONE - V EARTHQUAKE ZONE V JAMNAGAR - Petrochemical industry

ZONE - V JAMNAGAR - Petrochemical industry PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES BONGALGAON - Petrochemical industry GUWAHATI - Petrochemical industry DIGBOL - Petrochemical industry NUMALIGAR H Petrochemic al industry

FLOOD ZONES IN INDIA

WIND & CYCLONE ZONES Very high damage risk zone

Highly affected Moderately affected LAND SLIDE AFFECTED STATES

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM NDMA Headed by Prime Minister Assisted by NEC Secretaries of All Ministries SDMA Headed by Chief Minister Assisted by SEC Heads of All Departments DDMA Headed by District Magistrate Co-Chaired by Head of Zila Parisad (Elected head of the Dfistrict Local Body)

INDUSTRIAL VULNERABILITY PROFILE OF INDIA 1. India has 623 districts, 300 districts have Major Accident Hazard (MAH) units. 170 districts have more than 05 MAH Units. 3 States and 4 UTs do not have any MAH units. 2. A total of 1854 MAH Units in India (less the storages of hazardous substances, big warehouses, small factories). ‘On Site’ plans in place of only 1783 MAH Units. 63 MAH Units not even have ‘On Site’ Plans 3. Of 300 districts, 190 districts have ‘Off Site’ plans, but most NOT as per Schedule Mock Drills for ‘Off Site’ Plans rarely carried out.

NEED FOR MOCK DRILL 1. To Inculcate Culture of Preparedness. 2. To Examine the Plans and SOPs of Identified Stakeholders (Industries/Govt/Non-Govt). 3. To Evaluate the Resource Status of various Departments. 4. To Coordinate the Activities of Various Agencies for their optimum utilization. 5. To use the Feed back to identify the gaps and improve the Resource Capabilities to Face Actual Disasters.

STEPS Step 1 1,Coordinating Conference (a)Delineating objectives of Mock Exercise. (b)Scope of Exercise. (c)Selection of the Industry/ District for Mock Exercise. (d)Date and Venue for Table Top and Mock Exercise. (e)Participants (f)Media Coverage. Step 2 2.Table Top Exercise. Precursor to Mock Exercise. Worst case scenarios simulated. Scenarios are initially painted at the operational level of the industry for ‘on site’ plan. The operational staff, supervisory staff and the management respond to various injects. When the ‘on-site’ plan is declared ‘off-site’ by the District Magistrate, the injects are targeted at the Collector/DC and other Stakeholders at District level like Director Industry, SSP, District Health Officer, Fire Officer, Public Services heads, NDRF Team Leader, Communication, Civil Defence, Home Guard, Red Cross, RTO, NGOs Public Relations etc. Responses are elicited and detailed discussion takes place. Details of Coordination and Safety are discussed. The Gaps are identified and Remedial Measures taken.

Step 3.Mock Exercise. Observers are detailed and format for assessment issued. They are briefed on their roles during the Mock Exercise. Self Assessment Formats are given to all stake holders. Scenarios are formulated after due deliberations and the Mock Exercise is conducted by painting of scenarios in a sequential manner by the Observers. Actions are taken on ground by concerned stake holders by mobilizing requisite resources on orders of their own departments. Incident Command Post is established at district level for command and control.. Relief Camp is established for evacuees. Surge capacity is created in nominated Hospitals and Medical Aid Posts are established at critical areas.

Step 4 After Action Report. Detailed debriefing session takes place after the Mock Exercise, where observers, organizers and stake-holders take part. The gaps identified are noted and a detailed after action report is made at the NDMA, which after approval is sent to the Chief Secretary and MDs of Industries for taking follow-up action. Monitoring is done at NDMA to ensure that the identified gaps are filled in a time bound manner.

SUMMARY OF MOCK EXERCISES SINCE 2006 Sl.HazardCoordinating Conference Table TopMock Exercise 1.FloodsThirty-five 2.EarthquakeForty-five 3.CycloneTwenty 4.Chemical (incl Pet) Sixty nine (incl 18 Pet) Sixty-nine (incl 18 Pet) Sixty-nine (incl 18 Pet) 5.School SafetyOne Hundred Thirty- 6Terrorist RelatedThirty 7.Urban FiresFourteen 8..CWG,WC & IPLSeventy-fiveSeventySeventy-five Total

STATUS OF THE INITIATIVE Total Mock Exercises Done so far States/UT covered - 35 Districts covered MAH Industries Covered Petroleum Industries - 18 Industries Sensitized Industrial workers trained - 1,29,600 Community sensitized />19.9 lac ‘On-site’ Plans made/revisited /1783 ‘Off-site’ Plans formulated - 300/190. Extensive coverage by print & electronic media. NDMA conducted mocks for CWG, Hockey World Cup, Cricket World Cup, IPL, DMRC, Kolkata Metro, DIAL, BIAL, Racing Formula 1, INSARAG Regional Exercise on Earthquake. Increased demand from States, Public and even from private sector.

OTHER MITIGATION INITIATIVES Issue of National Guidelines on Chemical (Industrial) Disasters. Organising National and International Level Seminars/Workshops/Conferences in partnership with PNGRB and FICCI. General Awareness Campaigns. Capacity Development of first responders through NDRF Bns. Building Confidence between Admn, Community and Industries.

LESSONS LEARNT LESSONS LEARNT

LESSONS LEARNT & GAPS IDENTIFIED 1. ‘On Site’ and ‘Off Site’ plans not as per schedule 11 & 12 of MoEF Rules. Revisit and review of plans by professional disaster managers. 2. DM Plans of districts and stakeholders not matching – prepared in isolation or without mutual consultations. Need to synchronize and make plans complimentary. 3. Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability assessment of units not carried out in most cases. Districts and local authorities not aware of the extent of vulnerability of hazardous material production, even in their neighborhood. 4. Formulation of Emergency Response Centres recommended, in a PPP Model ( 40:40:20)

5. During transportation of hazardous material, parking places to be developed along Highways for vehicles carrying such materials. 6. No proper Occupational Health Centres within the MAH Industries. Trained medical emergency responders are limited in number. Shortage of stretchers, ambulances & antidotes for hazardous materials in nearby hospitals. 6. Concept of TRIAGE and Creation of Surge Capacity in Hospitals not properly understood Scarcity of Burn Wards 7. Search & Rescue Teams not having hand held DM equipment,like inflatable lighting tower, saws, cutters and drillers, etc. LESSONS LEARNT & GAPS IDENTIFIED

8. Lack of modern FF eqpt, like mist technology AFT & shortages in manpower. 9. Lack of requisite PPE with the responders. 10. Gate Management. No one to brief and guide first responders 11. Separate and spacious IN/OUT Gates required for smooth movement of responder vehicles. 12. Role of regular stake-holders like Police, Civil Defence and even Medical Responders, in Chemical Disasters is not clear. There is a need to impart short capsules for each of them. 13. Conduct of mock exercises should be entrusted to third party experts to professionally find actual gaps and weaknesses. LESSONS LEARNT & GAPS IDENTIFIED

. 13. Conduct of mock exercises should be entrusted to third party experts to professionally find actual gaps and weaknesses. 14. Concept of Incident Response System not yet understood and hence its implementation is slow. LESSONS LEARNT & GAPS IDENTIFIED