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What Would You Do? 2

3 Ref: AA-OP 2013 Pam

What does it mean to be an Army Professional? 4 An Army Professional is a member of the Army Profession who meets the Army’s certification criteria of competence, character, and commitment. Ref: AA-OP 2013 Pam

Characteristics of Army Professionals  Competence: − Ability to successfully perform their duties  Character: − Adherence to Army Values and the Profession's Ethic − Demonstrated in decisions and actions  Commitment: − Resolve to contribute Honorable Service to the Nation − Perform duties with discipline and to standard − Strive to accomplish Mission despite adversity, obstacles, and challenge. ADRP 1 5

Professional Practice as Leaders Demonstrates Character, Competence & Commitment – Ethical Leadership / Climate – Technical Expertise – Demonstrates “right” behavior IAW Army Ethic (e.g. Army Values) – Achieves and Inspires Exercises discretionary judgment – The art of the Army professional is to exercise discretionary judgments that often carry with them moral implications or consequences and will affect many lives – A.k.a. Ethical Decision-making 6 Ref: ADRP 6-22 and ADRP 1

Exercising Discretionary Judgment  Based on his/her expert knowledge (technical and moral/ethical)...  An Army Professional who is facing a new situation or task…  Classifies the task (estimate/diagnosis), reasons about it (inferring from abstract knowledge applicable to the new task/situation), and then acts on it (execution/action).  Follows the action, evaluating it for effectiveness and compliance with the Ethic, and ultimately, as required, makes adaptations to...  The profession’s body of expert knowledge and its jurisdiction of expert work.  The “practice”… the repetitive exercise of discretionary judgment, action, and follow-up… all decisions with high moral/ethical content 7 Ref: ADRP 1

Ethical Reasoning (ADRP 6-22) Ethical reasoning is complex in practice. By embracing the Army Values to govern personal actions, developing an understanding of regulations and orders, learning from experiences, and applying ethical reasoning, leaders will be better prepared to face tough decisions. Ethical choices may be between right and wrong, shades of gray, or two rights. Leaders use multiple perspectives to think about ethical concerns, applying three perspectives to determine the most ethical choice (next slide). 8 Ref: ADRP 6-22

Using the “Ethical Perspectives” Are there agreed-upon Rules / Values that apply to the Course of Action (CoA)? Aspects of the Army’s Professional Ethic? Know the difference between guidance and orders. Think of and compare possible Outcomes for the CoA. A CoA benefitting the greatest number of affected persons may be the best solution. Finally, look at the COA in light of Virtues. COAs that seem to be applicable to a situation but can not be reconciled with desirable Virtues are suspect for leading to moral/ethical error. VIRTUES RULES/ VALUES OUTCOMES 9 Ref: ADRP 6-22

“Ethical Decision Making Process” Choosing and committing to the best Ethical Course of Action Recognizing that an Ethical Situation exists and defining it Reasoning and Evaluating the possible Courses of Action Evaluate the Options Commit to a Decision 10 Recognize the Situation Adapted from the steps of “Model of Morality” by Researcher James Rest RULES/ VALUES VIRTUES OUTCOMES Act on Decision Acting on your Ethical decision

What Would You Do? Example

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Reflections What do you think about what you learned? How do you feel about what you learned? What did you learn from listening to the observations and reactions of the other attendees? What will you do with your new information? What are the future implications of this decision, or of this experience? 13

Questions? 14

Additional Slides 15

16 The Army Leader Requirements Model in ADP/ADRP 6-22 Service * Stewards the profession Fosters esprit de corps * Discipline * Builds Trust Leaders are Professionals; all professionals practice formal/informal leadership Leader Attributes and Competencies

How Do Army Leaders Enhance Trust Relationships? By upholding the Army Ethic and living by Army Values in decisions and actions, Leaders reinforce trust among Soldiers, Army Civilians, our Families, and with the American people. (a) To reinforce the Army’s sacred trust with the American people, Army Professionals collectively demonstrate Military Expertise, contribute Honorable Service; serve as Stewards of the Army Profession; and exhibit unwavering Esprit de Corps (b) To reinforce trust within the Army Profession, Leaders strive to continuously develop competence, character, and commitment in themselves and subordinates – performing duty with discipline and to standard 17 Ref: ADRP 1

A Framework of the Army Ethic Legal-Institutional The U.S. Constitution Title 5, 10, 26 U.S. Code Treaties of which U.S. is party Status of Forces Agreements Law of Armed Conflict Moral-Institutional The U.S. Declaration of Independence Just War Tradition Trust Relationships of the Profession Legal-Individual Oath of: Commission Enlistment Office U.S. Code - Standards of Exemplary Conduct UCMJ Rules Of Engagement Soldier’s Rules Moral-Individual Universal Norms: Basic Rights Golden Rule Values, Creeds & Mottos: “Duty, Honor, Country” NCO Creed, Civilian Creed Soldier’s Creed, Warrior Ethos 7 Army Values Legal FoundationsMoral Foundations Army as Profession (Values/norms for performance of collective Institution) Individual as Professional (Values/norms for performance of individual professionals) 18 Ref: ADRP 1