Ulysses Group Member: Simon.Joseph.Lily.Leo. Rebecca. Sarah

 Voc.  Dramatization of the poem  Paraphrase  Introduction (Theme/Main idea)  Structure  Contrast  Conclusion

Vocabulary  Hearth (N) A hearth is the floor of a fireplace, which sometimes extends into the room. --It was winter and there was a huge fire roaring in the hearth. --It was winter and there was a huge fire roaring in the hearth.  Mete (Verb) (formal) to give sb a punishment; to make sb suffer bad treatment. -- Severe penalties were meted out by the court. -- Severe penalties were meted out by the court.  Lee (N) the side or part of sth that provides shelter against the wind. --We built the house in the lee of the hill. --We built the house in the lee of the hill.

 Dole (Verb) to give out an amount of food, money, etc. to a number of people in a group. --The landlord doles his servant unequally. --The landlord doles his servant unequally.  Hoard (Verb) to collect and keep large amounts of food, money, etc., especially secretly. --The king hoards a lot of money for the war. --The king hoards a lot of money for the war.  Thro ’ = through  Scud (Verb) (literary) (of clouds) to move quickly across the sky. --Puffy white clouds were scudding past. --Puffy white clouds were scudding past.

 Drift (N) the movement of the sea or air. --The general direction of drift on the east coast is very unsteady. --The general direction of drift on the east coast is very unsteady.  Dim (Adj) where you cannot see well because there is not much light. --It ’ s very dangerous to walk along a dim street at night. --It ’ s very dangerous to walk along a dim street at night.  Climates (N) a general attitude or feeling; an atmosphere or a situation which exists in a particular place.

--We need to create a climate in which business can prosper.  Council (N) (formal) (especially in the past) a formal meeting to discuss what action to take in a particular situation. --The King held a council at Nottingham from 14 to 19 October The King held a council at Nottingham from 14 to 19 October  Margin (N) the empty space at the side of a written or printed page. --Notes scribbled in the margin --Notes scribbled in the margin

 Fade (Verb) to disappear gradually. --His voice faded to a whisper --His voice faded to a whisper  Yearn (Verb) (literary) to want sth very much, especially when it is very difficult to get. --There was a yearning look in his eyes. --There was a yearning look in his eyes.  Scepter (N) a decorated rod carried by a king or queen at ceremonies as a symbol of their power. --Scepter is a symbol of power that many people want to get it. --Scepter is a symbol of power that many people want to get it.

 Isle (N) used especially in poetry and names to mean ‘island’ --the Isle of Skye --the Isle of Skye  Discern (Verb) to know, recognize or understand sth, especially sth that is not obvious. --It is possible to discern a number of different techniques in her work. --It is possible to discern a number of different techniques in her work.

 Prudence (N) sensible and careful when you make judgements and decisions --Maybe you'll exercise a little more financial prudence next time. --Maybe you'll exercise a little more financial prudence next time.  Subdue (Verb) to bring sb/sth under control, especially by using force --Troops were called in to subdue the rebels. --Troops were called in to subdue the rebels.  Sphere (N) an area of activity, influence or interest; a particular section of society --He and I moved in totally different social spheres. --He and I moved in totally different social spheres.

 Wrought = work  Toil (Verb) to work very hard and/or for a long time --Hundreds of men toiled for years at building the pyramid. --Hundreds of men toiled for years at building the pyramid.  Hath = have  Smite (Verb) to have a great effect on sb, especially an unpleasant or serious one -- Suddenly my conscience smote me. -- Suddenly my conscience smote me.

 Furrow (N) a long narrow cut in the ground, especially one made by a plough for planting seeds in. --Dark ploughed earth, with white chalk in the furrows. --Dark ploughed earth, with white chalk in the furrows.

Paraphrase-First Stanza The only advantage that an admirable king can have is standing beside a warm fireplace, and matched with an aged wife. I punished the savage people with unequal laws, but the treasures, sleep, and feed are not mine, for I cannot rest from travel, or I will have nothing for the rest of my life. I have greatly enjoyed and suffered all times with whom loved me alone when sailing quickly through the dim sea to Hyades Vext on shore. I became a name, for always roaming with a hungry heart. I have seen and known much and was delight for the battle with my peers about the cities of men, manners, climates, councils and governments, not least myself, and honored all of them., which were far on the plains of windy Troy. The only advantage that an admirable king can have is standing beside a warm fireplace, and matched with an aged wife. I punished the savage people with unequal laws, but the treasures, sleep, and feed are not mine, for I cannot rest from travel, or I will have nothing for the rest of my life. I have greatly enjoyed and suffered all times with whom loved me alone when sailing quickly through the dim sea to Hyades Vext on shore. I became a name, for always roaming with a hungry heart. I have seen and known much and was delight for the battle with my peers about the cities of men, manners, climates, councils and governments, not least myself, and honored all of them., which were far on the plains of windy Troy.

Paraphrase—First Stanza I am not little, but they should be honored and enjoy the victory with my people. At the wide open filed of Troy, I have become a part of all that I have encountered. Experiences are like beams that untravelled the world shining through an arch on me whenever I move. It is a dull thing to pause, to make no use of the useless and rather to make the best of the things good to use. It is great to breather life, but life is too little, especially mine. A bringer from the eternal silence had brought something vile. I would like to store the precious for myself, but the gray spirit was always yearning in desire to follow the true knowledge, which is the utmost of human knowledge, like a sinking star. I am not little, but they should be honored and enjoy the victory with my people. At the wide open filed of Troy, I have become a part of all that I have encountered. Experiences are like beams that untravelled the world shining through an arch on me whenever I move. It is a dull thing to pause, to make no use of the useless and rather to make the best of the things good to use. It is great to breather life, but life is too little, especially mine. A bringer from the eternal silence had brought something vile. I would like to store the precious for myself, but the gray spirit was always yearning in desire to follow the true knowledge, which is the utmost of human knowledge, like a sinking star.

Second Stanza  This is my own son Telemachus. The one I love. I left my scepter and the isle to him and he was discerning to fulfill this labor. He slowly and mildly conquered a rugged people under prudence. Through the soft process, he made them good and obeyed. He is nothing to blame. He centered the power and executed the duties on the people. He couldn’t be failed in paying highly worship to my household gods and be tender to the people when I was gone. He did his jobs well, but I did mine.

Third Stanza  The vessel puffs its sail in the port. The broad seas are dark and glooming. The mariners with me are toiled. You and I are old and have yet got the honor and toil. Although death I coming, some works of noble note should be done before the end of life. I am the man who strives with god. The day wanes and the moon climbs, and there are so many deep voices around me and encourages me that it was not too late to seek a new world. Go away; I am ready to smite the surrounding furrows. I want to sail beyond the sunset and bath in all the western stars until I die. Maybe I will be wash down at the gulf or touch the happy isle. Probably I can meet great Achilles. Although we do not own the strength in the old days, we are one equal temper of heroic hearts. Perhaps we are weaker by the time and fate, but still will to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.

Introduction  Main idea: Ulysses want to continue a challenging and adventured life instead of staying stable to death. Ulysses want to continue a challenging and adventured life instead of staying stable to death.

Homer’s and Dante’s Ulysses  In this poem, Tennyson reworks the figure of Ulysses by drawing on the ancient hero of Homer's Odyssey and the medieval hero of Dante's Inferno. Homer's Ulysses, learns from a prophecy that he will take a final sea voyage after killing the suitors of his wife Penelope. The details of this sea voyage are described by Dante in the Inferno: Ulysses finds himself restless in Ithaca and driven by "the longing I had to gain experience of the world." Odyssey  Dante's Ulysses is a tragic figure who dies while sailing too far in an insatiable thirst for knowledge. Tennyson combines these two accounts by having Ulysses make his speech shortly after returning to Ithaca and resuming his administrative responsibilities, and shortly before embarking on his final voyage.

Structure--Form  This poem is written as a dramatic monologue: the entire poem is spoken by a single character, whose identity is revealed by his own words. The lines are in blank verse, or unrhymed iambic pentameter, which serves to impart a fluid and natural quality to speech. Many of the lines are enjambed, which means that a thought does not end with the line-break; the sentences often end in the middle, rather than the end, of the lines. The use of enjambment is appropriate in a poem about pushing forward "beyond the utmost bound of human thought." Finally, the poem is divided into four paragraph-like sections, each of which comprises a distinct thematic unit of the poem.

Structure--Dramatic Monologue  Tennyson takes on the persona of an unhappy king that is not satisfied until he unhappy king that is not satisfied until he is once again traveling. He makes allusions is once again traveling. He makes allusions to Achilles assuming the reader already to Achilles assuming the reader already knows who he is. Tennyson wrote “ Ulysses ” in blank verse knows who he is. Tennyson wrote “ Ulysses ” in blank verse to keep Ulysses speech more natural. A dramatic monologue is used because to keep Ulysses speech more natural. A dramatic monologue is used because Ulysses is the only speaker throughout the entire poem. Ulysses is the only speaker throughout the entire poem.

Structure--Detail analysis  Speaker — Odysseys Listener — Mariner (already died) Listener — Mariner (already died) Audience — Readers (now) Audience — Readers (now)  Analysis on the poem First stanza — soliloquy (a speech in a play, in which a character alone on the stage speaks his or her thoughts aloud p.1772) First stanza — soliloquy (a speech in a play, in which a character alone on the stage speaks his or her thoughts aloud p.1772) sentense1~5: mono syllabus, giving heavy feeling. sentense1~5: mono syllabus, giving heavy feeling. 6~21:recalling the journey he had with his mariners. His 6~21:recalling the journey he had with his mariners. His glory, also inferred his greatness. glory, also inferred his greatness.

22~32: His travels have exposed him to many different types of people and ways of living. They have also exposed him to the "delight of battle" while fighting the Trojan War with his men. His glory brings him empty and hollowness, so he wants to go on for his glory. His travels have exposed him to many different types of people and ways of living. They have also exposed him to the "delight of battle" while fighting the Trojan War with his men. His glory brings him empty and hollowness, so he wants to go on for his glory. Second stanza Second stanza Ulysses now speaks to an unidentified audience concerning his son Telemachus, who will act as his successor while the great hero resumes his travels: he says, "This is my son, mine own Telemachus, to whom I leave the scepter and the isle." He speaks highly but also patronizingly of his son's capabilities as a ruler, praising his prudence, dedication, and devotion to the gods. Telemachus will do his work of governing the island while Ulysses will do his work of traveling the seas: "He works his work, I mine." Ulysses now speaks to an unidentified audience concerning his son Telemachus, who will act as his successor while the great hero resumes his travels: he says, "This is my son, mine own Telemachus, to whom I leave the scepter and the isle." He speaks highly but also patronizingly of his son's capabilities as a ruler, praising his prudence, dedication, and devotion to the gods. Telemachus will do his work of governing the island while Ulysses will do his work of traveling the seas: "He works his work, I mine."

Third Stanza Third stanzaIn the final stanza, Ulysses addresses the mariners with whom he has worked, traveled, and weathered life's storms over many years. He declares that although he and they are old, they still have the potential to do something noble and honorable before "the long day wanes." He encourages them to make use of their old age because "'tis not too late to seek a newer world." He declares that his goal is to sail onward "beyond the sunset" until his death. Perhaps, he suggests, they may even reach the "Happy Isles," or the paradise of perpetual summer described in Greek mythology where great heroes like the warrior Achilles were believed to have been taken after their deaths. Although Ulysses and his mariners are not as strong as they were in youth, they are "strong in will" and are sustained by their resolve to push onward relentlessly: "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield." Third stanzaIn the final stanza, Ulysses addresses the mariners with whom he has worked, traveled, and weathered life's storms over many years. He declares that although he and they are old, they still have the potential to do something noble and honorable before "the long day wanes." He encourages them to make use of their old age because "'tis not too late to seek a newer world." He declares that his goal is to sail onward "beyond the sunset" until his death. Perhaps, he suggests, they may even reach the "Happy Isles," or the paradise of perpetual summer described in Greek mythology where great heroes like the warrior Achilles were believed to have been taken after their deaths. Although Ulysses and his mariners are not as strong as they were in youth, they are "strong in will" and are sustained by their resolve to push onward relentlessly: "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield."

Dictions Compare between Home & Adventure Going Home The hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me. The hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me. I cannot rest from travel; I will drink I cannot rest from travel; I will drink Life to the lees. All times I have enjoyed greatly. Life to the lees. All times I have enjoyed greatly. How dult it is to pause, to make an end. How dult it is to pause, to make an end. To rust unburished, not to shine in use! To rust unburished, not to shine in use! And this gray sprint yearning in desire And this gray sprint yearning in desire To follow knowledge like a sinking star, To follow knowledge like a sinking star, Beyond the utmost bound of human thought. Beyond the utmost bound of human thought.

Continuing the Adventure I. Deal with the age problem Free hearts, free foreheads, - you and I are old; Free hearts, free foreheads, - you and I are old; Old age hath yet his honor and his toil. Old age hath yet his honor and his toil. One equal temper of heroic hearts, One equal temper of heroic hearts, Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. II. Convince that it is consider great to do so Death closes all; but something ere the end. Death closes all; but something ere the end. Some work of noble note, may be yet done. Some work of noble note, may be yet done. Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends. Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends. ‘ Tis not too late to seek a newer world. ‘ Tis not too late to seek a newer world.

III. No doubt at all in his mind To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths Of all western stars, until I die. Of all western stars, until I die. It may be that the gulfs will wish us down; It may be that the gulfs will wish us down; It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles, It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,

Figurative language Figurative language  1. Metaphor: “ I will drink / Life to the lees ” (6-7) His is saying that he is going to get (6-7) His is saying that he is going to get everything out of life that he can. everything out of life that he can. 2. Metaphor- '"'From that eternal silence, 2. Metaphor- '"'From that eternal silence, something more,'"' (27). The eternal silence mentioned here is meaning death. something more,'"' (27). The eternal silence mentioned here is meaning death. 3. Metaphor- '"'There lies the port,'"' (44). The port is a 3. Metaphor- '"'There lies the port,'"' (44). The port is a metaphor for his life. They are sailing into metaphor for his life. They are sailing into the sunset of life. the sunset of life.

Imagery used Imagery used  1. Visual imagery: “ And this gray spirit yearning in desire ” (30).  1. Visual imagery: “ And this gray spirit yearning in desire ” (30). He is using the word '"'grey'"' to describe his old, aged spirit. He is using the word '"'grey'"' to describe his old, aged spirit. 2. Visual imagery: “ There gloom the dark, broad seas ” (45). 2. Visual imagery: “ There gloom the dark, broad seas ” (45). Ulysses is describing the sea. He is telling how broad it is and Ulysses is describing the sea. He is telling how broad it is and the dark gloominess of it. the dark gloominess of it. 3. Visual imagery: “ To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths / Of 3. Visual imagery: “ To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths / Of all the western stars ” (60-61). In these two lines, the reader can all the western stars ” (60-61). In these two lines, the reader can picture the black silhouette of a boat sailing into the sunset. Then picture the black silhouette of a boat sailing into the sunset. Then late at night, the stars curtain the western sky. late at night, the stars curtain the western sky.

Victorian character  the sustaining idea was the idea of progress-- growth of industry and trade; social progress in concern for the poor; progress toward democratic government; scientific progress; discoveries of Charles Darwin about the facts of creation and evolution; moral progress in terms of the ideals of purity and of family life and domesticity. This ceaseless activity is captured in a few lines from his poem "Ulysses":  One equal temper of heroic hearts, Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield (68-70)

Alfred, Lord Tennyson Alfred Tennyson was born August 6th, 1809 and died on October 6, 1892, at the age of 83. Tennyson worries about money all his life. He also had a lifelong fear of mental illness. In 1827 Tennyson escaped the troubled atmosphere of his home to Cambridge, and became famous there. He joined the Apostles In 1829, and met his best friend Arthur Hallam's there. The success of his 1842 Poems made Tennyson a popular poet, and in 1845 he received a Civil List pension. The success of "The Princess" and In Memoriam and his appointment in 1850 as Poet Laureate finally established him as the most popular poet of the Victorian era. Alfred Tennyson was born August 6th, 1809 and died on October 6, 1892, at the age of 83. Tennyson worries about money all his life. He also had a lifelong fear of mental illness. In 1827 Tennyson escaped the troubled atmosphere of his home to Cambridge, and became famous there. He joined the Apostles In 1829, and met his best friend Arthur Hallam's there. The success of his 1842 Poems made Tennyson a popular poet, and in 1845 he received a Civil List pension. The success of "The Princess" and In Memoriam and his appointment in 1850 as Poet Laureate finally established him as the most popular poet of the Victorian era.

As a child, Tennyson was influenced profoundly by the poetry of Byron and Scott, and his earliest poems reflect the lyric intensity and meditative expressiveness of his Romantic forebears. However, unlike the Romantics, whose nature poems present a scene that raises an emotional or psychological problem; Tennyson uses nature as a psychological category. Not only is Tennyson a poet of the natural and psychological landscape, he also attends frequently to the past, and historical events. In addition to treating the history of his nation, Tennyson also explores the mythological past, as articulated in classical works of Homer, Virgil, and Dante. His Ulysses draws upon actual incidents in Homer's Odyssey. Tennyson thus looked both to historical and mythological pasts as repositories for his poetry. As a child, Tennyson was influenced profoundly by the poetry of Byron and Scott, and his earliest poems reflect the lyric intensity and meditative expressiveness of his Romantic forebears. However, unlike the Romantics, whose nature poems present a scene that raises an emotional or psychological problem; Tennyson uses nature as a psychological category. Not only is Tennyson a poet of the natural and psychological landscape, he also attends frequently to the past, and historical events. In addition to treating the history of his nation, Tennyson also explores the mythological past, as articulated in classical works of Homer, Virgil, and Dante. His Ulysses draws upon actual incidents in Homer's Odyssey. Tennyson thus looked both to historical and mythological pasts as repositories for his poetry.

Conclusion  ln dramatic monologues, the character of the speaker emerges almost unintentionally from his own words. Ulysses' incompetence as a ruler is evidenced by his preference for potential quests rather than his present responsibilities.  He devotes a full 26 lines to his own egotistical proclamation of his zeal for the wandering life, and another 26 lines to the exhortation of his mariners to roam the seas with him. However, he offers only 11 lines of lukewarm praise to his son concerning the governance of the kingdom in his absence, and a mere two words about his "aged wife" Penelope. Thus, the speaker's own words betray his abdication of responsibility and his specificity of purpose.

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