R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 Sustainability Radical resource productivity Whole system design Biomimicry Green chemistry Industrial ecology Renewable energy Green nanotechnology

R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Green Chemistry (Sustainable Chemistry) Source: Anastas, P. T & Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice

R. Shanthini 17 Oct Principles of Green Chemistry: 1.Prevent waste generation 2.Maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product. 3.Use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment. 4.Products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity. 5.Use safer solvents and auxiliaries 6.Design for energy efficiency Source: Anastas, P. T & Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice Green Chemistry (Sustainable Chemistry)

R. Shanthini 17 Oct Use renewable feedstocks 8.Reduce derivatives 9.Use catalysis 10.Design products such that they degrade at the end of their function 11.Real-time analysis for pollution prevention 12.Inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention Source: Anastas, P. T & Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice 12 Principles of Green Chemistry (continued): Green Chemistry (Sustainable Chemistry)

R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 Products of Green Chemistry: Green Chemistry (Sustainable Chemistry) Bioplastics. Plastics made from plants, including corn, potatoes or other agricultural products, even agricultural waste. Products already available are forks, knives and spoons made from potato starch and biodegradable packaging made from corn.

R. Shanthini 17 Oct Principles of Green Engineering: 1.Engineer processes and products holistically, use system analysis and integrate environmental impact assessment tools 2.Conserve and improve natural ecosystems while protecting human health and well-being 3.Use life cycle thinking in all engineering activities 4.Ensure that all material and energy inputs and outputs are as inherently safe and benign as possible 5.Minimize depletion of natural resources Green Engineering Source: EPA 2006, What is Green Engineering?

R. Shanthini 17 Oct Strive to prevent waste 7.Develop and apply engineering solutions, while being cognizant of local geography, aspirations and cultures 8.Create engineering solutions beyond current or dominant technologies; improve, innovate and invent (technologies) to achieve sustainability 9.Actively engage communities and stakeholders in development of engineering solutions Source: EPA 2006, What is Green Engineering? 9 Principles of Green Engineering (continued): Green Engineering

R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 A multidisciplinary (engineering, science, social science, and governance) process of solution development that takes a holistic view of natural and human system interactions is known as Earth Systems Engineering. - US National Academy for Engineering Earth Systems Engineering

R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 Earth System Engineering emphasizes five main characteristics that apply to all branches of engineering Earth Systems Engineering

R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 Our ability to cause planetary change through technology is growing faster than our ability to understand and manage the technical, social, economic, environmental, and ethical consequences of such change. Since modern engineering systems have the power to significantly affect the environment far into the future, many engineering decisions cannot be made independently of the surrounding natural and human- made systems. PreliminariesKeynote1.aspx Characteristic 1: Earth Systems Engineering

R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 The traditional approach that engineering is only a process to devise and implement a chosen solution amid several purely technical options must be challenged. A more holistic approach to engineering requires an understanding of interactions between engineered and non-engineered systems, inclusion of non- technical issues, and a system approach (rather than a Cartesian approach) to simulate and comprehend such interactions. PreliminariesKeynote1.aspx Earth Systems Engineering Characteristic 2:

R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 The quality of engineering decisions in society directly affects the quality of life of human and natural systems today and in the future. PreliminariesKeynote1.aspx Earth Systems Engineering Characteristic 3:

R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 There is a need for a new educational approach that will give engineering students a broader perspective beyond technical issues and an exposure to the principles of sustainable development, renewable resources management, and systems thinking. This does not mean that existing engineering curricula need to be changed in their entirety. Rather, new holistic components need to be integrated, emphasizing more of a system approach to engineering education. PreliminariesKeynote1.aspx Earth Systems Engineering Characteristic 4:

R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 Multi-disciplinary research is needed to create new quantitative tools and methods to better manage non-natural systems so that such systems have a longer life cycle and are less disruptive to natural systems in general. PreliminariesKeynote1.aspx Earth Systems Engineering Characteristic 5:

R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 [engineers should] strive to accomplish the beneficial objectives of their work with the lowest possible consumption of raw materials and energy and the lowest production of wastes and any kind of pollution Model Code of Ethics The World Federation of Engineering Organisations

R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 Sustainability Radical resource productivity Whole system design Biomimicry Green chemistry Industrial ecology Renewable energy Green nanotechnology

R. Shanthini 17 Oct 2011 Green Nanotechnology Nanotechnology is the study and control of matter in the dimension of 1 to 100 nanometers 1 m = 10 9 nm For an Introduction to Green nanotechnology, read the article by Karen F. Schmidt Uploaded at the CP551 page of