 Progress with the revision and consolidation of the European Basic Safety Standards Directive Stefan Mundigl European Commission DG Energy and Transport Radiation Protection Unit EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Role of the European Union Euratom Treaty (1957) allow the development of nuclear energy while protecting the Health and Safety of workers and members of the public Establish uniform Basic Safety Standards Ensure their application (transposition; implementation; infringement procedure) Ensure the protection of the “environment” “air, water, soil” Research (fission/fusion Framework Programmes) radiation biology

Development of a new European Basic Safety Standards Directive Consolidation of existing European radiation protection legislation Revision of the Euratom Basic Safety Standards (Directive 96/29/Euratom)

Consolidation of European Radiation Protection Legislation Basic Safety Standards, Directive 96/29/Euratom Medical Exposures, Directive 97/43/Euratom Public Information, Directive 89/618/Euratom Outside Workers, Directive 90/641/Euratom Control of high-activity sealed radioactive sources and orphan sources, Directive 2003/122/Euratom Radon, Commission Recommendation 90/143/Euratom

Motivation for revision of Euratom BSS More binding requirements on Natural radiation sources Criteria for clearance Cooperation between Member States for emergency planning and response Review of regulatory control system Graded approach to regulatory control Cover NORM industries New recommendations by ICRP Revision of International Basic Safety Standards Strive for greater harmonisation

Impact of new ICRP Recommendations Based on three different exposure situations Planned Existing Emergency Constraints and Reference levels Source related prospective tool for optimisation Societal basis – Bands of constraints Forthcoming ICRP Documents on Emergency exposure situations Existing exposure situations Radiological Protection of the Environment

Topical issues for BSS revision Natural Radiation NORM industries Building material Radon Cosmic radiation (exposure to aircrew) Exemption and Clearance Graded approach to regulatory control Education and training Emergency preparedness and response Occupational Exposure (Outside workers) Protection of the Environment

NORM industries “Positive” list of types of industries Identification of industries of concern Activity concentrations above 1 Bq/g (10 Bq/g for K40) Not applicable to recycling in building materials Higher values for segments of the decay chain Lower values where appropriate in specific cases Assessment of doses to workers 1-6 mSv: keep under review – apply ALARA > 6 mSv: controlled areas Assessment of effluents and disposal of waste Recycling rather than radioactive waste disposal

Radon Requirement for a national action plan Provide information All sources: soil, building material, water Definition of radon prone areas Reference levels for existing dwellings, new dwellings, workplaces and public buildings Building codes for new buildings Provide information House owners Building Profession Occupational Exposure Radon measurements Reference levels

Building Material Placing on the market and use of building materials managed as an existing exposure situation for types of building materials identified by national authorities, based on an indicative list given in BSS Establishment of national reference levels Exemption Placing on the market subject to regulatory control Categorisation of building materials for trade across national borders Labelling and information

Exemption and clearance Enhance clarity of the concepts Same levels for both concepts Basis: IAEA RS-G-1.7 Study launched to evaluate differences with EC RP 122, assess impact of lowering the exemption levels

Regulatory Control Graded Approach to Regulatory Control Exemption Notification Registration e.g. authorisation in cases of a limited risk Licensing Accommodate approach for NORM industries

Protection of the Environment ... not much available for the time being ... Reference to other applicable EC legislation Reference to the Drinking Water Directive Expect input from PROTECT ICRP ... Harmonise with international Basic Safety Standards

What do we need? A regulatory approach to radiological protection of the environment has to be Transparent & clear Easy to understand Easy to communicate to stakeholders Public, operators, other regulators (environmental area) Broadly accepted/agreed Practicable to implement Consistent with the system in place

What can/shall be regulated? When? How? Planned exposure situations Environmental impact assessment New built Granting discharge authorisations Additional criteria Further focus on the optimisation principle New built / existing installations Probably no impact on clearance of material?

What can/shall be regulated? When? How? (2) Existing exposure situations Remediation of contaminated sites after nuclear accidents or radiological emergencies / legacy of past practices? Justification and optimisation - Doing more good than harm! Decision-making process involving stakeholders Case specific Natural occurring radioactivity? Emergency exposure situations Main priority: Protection of humans Clean-up (see existing exposure situations)

Numerical Guidance - Input from PROTECT Any numerical guidance has to be Transparent, clear, understandable, easy to communicate No moving target Graded (tiered) approach Generic screening level Threshold to enter the system What do we do if we are above? Taxonomic screening levels? Practicability? Regulatory action levels? Flexibility - case by case assessment? Implementation - check compliance Guidance on assessment (quantities to be measured, measurements, calculation codes, ...)

Outline of new Euratom BSS Preamble Title I Subject matter and Scope Title II Definitions Title III: System of Protection Title IV: Responsibilities for regulatory control Title V: Requirements for Education and Training Title VI: Justification and Regulatory control of planned exposure situations Title VII: Protection of Workers, Apprentices and Students Title VIII: Protection of Patients and other individuals submitted to medical exposure Title IX: Protection of Members of the Public Title X: Protection of the Environment Title XI: Emergency exposure situations Title XII: Existing exposure situations Title XIII: Final provisions

Further Steps Working Party on Recast prepare a complete draft Basic Safety Standards Directive including consolidated Directives revised Directive 96/29 Discuss complete proposal with the Group of Experts referred to in Article 31 of the Euratom Treaty June – November 2009

International Basic Safety Standards European Commission is formally Co-sponsoring the Safety Fundamentals Joining the secretariat for the review of International Basic Safety Standards In view of potential co-sponsorship Representatives of IAEA participate as observers in Article 31 Group of Experts and its Working Parties

Summary Consolidation of existing European radiation protection legislation Revision of the Euratom Basic Safety Standards Impact of new ICRP Recommendations Integrate natural and artificial radiation Strive for greater harmonisation with international BSS Protection of the environment Title foreseen in the European BSS Harmonisation with international BSS ... wait for further input ...