Psyc 405: History & Systems Chap 9: Behaviorism: Antecedent Influences OR Ants, Rats, and Cats (Horses & Dogs too) OR Are you a “Dog” or “Cat” Person?

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

What is Psychology?. Psychology defined Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental process Behavior: any action an organism does (observable)

Advertisements

Early Influences on Behaviorism Towards a Science of Behavior.

Behavior Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Social Norms Cognitive Dissonance Stages of Change.

Behavioral Learning Theory: Operant Conditioning

The rise of behaviorism: Lecture plan

TWO BIG IDEAS 1. DUALISM: Pythagoras, Plato, Augustine, psyche, nefesh, and Aristotle. Descartes ( ) introduces “modern” dualism setting the stage.

Chapter 1 Introduction Historical background Five schools of behaviorism.

Chapter 9 Behaviorism: Antecedent Influences

Important Psychologists Chapter 1. Mary Whiton Calkins  Known for two things: 1. Becoming the first female president of the American Psychological Association.

Lecture 2: Historical and Philosophical Roots Learning, Psychology 5310 Spring, 2015 Professor Delamater.

Classical Conditioning Pavlov’s experiment - psychic secretions. Pavlov was a Russian physiologists who studied digestion. He won the Nobel prize in physiology.

Learning Processes Behaviorism Classical conditioning Operant conditioning.

Psychology 001 Introduction to Psychology Christopher Gade, PhD Office: 621 Heafey Office hours: F 3-6 and by apt. Class WF 7:00-8:30.

Adapted By: Manuel Girbal.  Background Born September 1849 Ryazan, Russia He began his higher education as a student at the Ryazan Ecclesiastical Seminary,

Next Behaviorism A non mentalistic view of Psychology Composed by Lucie Johnson 10/10/99, reviewed 10/18/00.

Behaviorism A non mentalistic view of Psychology.

Behaviorism Ed Tech Masters Program Summer What is behaviorism all about? Psychology is purely the study of external behavior Behavior is objective.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Chapter 13 – Behaviorism A History of Psychology: Ideas and Context (4 th edition) D. Brett King, Wayne Viney, and William.

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING

LEARNING THEORIES Cognitive vs. Behavioral Jerilyn Ramirez EDTC 3320.

Emily F., Sydney, and Elena. Historical, Cultural, and Social Context  The laws of behavior consist of two main ideas: Operant Conditioning Classical.

Section B: Acquiring, developing and performing movement skills 5. Reinforcement.

Steven I. Dworkin, Ph.D.1 The Psychology of Learning and Behavior Chapter 1.

Introduction To Psychology PSYC 201. A) Why study Psychology? ● It helps you to understand yourself, why do you do things that you do? ● Understand your.

What is Psychology? The SCIENCE that seeks to answer how and why we think, feel, and act the way we do 1.

LAW OF BEHAVIOR CLASSICAL & OPERANT CONDITIONING Abbie, Jessica, Nick, Katie.

Learning Part II. Overview Habituation Classical conditioning Instrumental/operant conditioning Observational learning.

OPERANT CONDITIONING Changing Behavior Through Reinforcement and Punishment.

A Short History of Psychology. Origins of Psychology Phrenology Greeks- 5 th & 6 th centuries B.C. –People’s lives were dominated not so much by gods.

Schools of Psychology & Founders. Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

The History of the Study of Psychology

Welcome to AP Psychology!! Ms. Juretic. History of Psychology “Psychology has a long past, but only a short history.”  Hermann Ebbinghaus (1902?) Psychology.

Suggested basic principles of memory, as laws of association: – Contiguity in space or time – Similarity – Contrast (associations of opposites) Aristotle.

History of Psychology.

Psychology 001 Introduction to Psychology Christopher Gade, PhD Office: 621 Heafey Office hours: F 3-6 and by apt. Class WF 7:00-8:30.

The behaviourist approach Classical and operant conditioning.

Chapter 6 Introduction to Operant Conditioning.  What is it?  How does it differ from Classical Conditioning?  Major concepts –Operant Behaviors –

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 6 Learning. At the end of this Chapter you should be able to: Understand the perspective of learning theory The role.

Unit 4: Learning “Operant Conditioning”. Behaviorism To a Behaviorist: Everything you know, everything you are is the result of human behavior. Psychology.

 A perspective is a way of viewing phenomena  Psychology has multiple perspectives: ◦ Behavioral Perspective ◦ Humanistic Perspective ◦ Biological Perspective.

Welcome to AP Psychology!! Ms. Juretic. History of Psychology “Psychology has a long past, but only a short history.”  Hermann Ebbinghaus (1902?) Psychology.

Ninth Edition 4 Edward Lee Thorndike.

History of Psychology.

Classical Conditioning Chapter 6 Psychology. Learning  Learning: some kind of change in behavior or knowledge that is long-lasting due to an increase.

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers.

Learning Experiments and Concepts.  What is learning?

General Psychology (PY110) Chapter 4 Learning. Learning Learning is a relatively permanent change or modification in behavior due to experience or training.

What is Psychology?. Psychology defined Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental process Behavior: any action an organism does (observable)

Learning Learning = any relatively enduring change in behavior due to experience 1.Learning through signaling (= classical conditioning) 2.Learning through.

Ivan Pavlov IB Psychology By: Alejandro Canahuati.

William G. Huitt Educational Psychology Interactive William G. Huitt Educational Psychology Interactive Last rev: June 2012.

Edward Thorndike

Toward a Science of Behavior

Behavioral Learning Theory : Pavlov, Thorndike & Skinner M. Borland E.P. 500 Dr. Mayton Summer 2007.

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 6 Learning. At the end of this Chapter you should be able to: Understand the perspective of learning theory The role.

Trial and error learning Thorndike’s puzzle box. Trial and error learning This type of learning occurs when an organism attempts to learn by undertaking.

Unit 1 Introduction to Psychology Module 1: Introduction and Careers Module 2: History and Perspectives Module 4: Research Strategies.

History of Psychology. Modern Psychology’s Nineteenth-Century Roots Module 2: History and Perspectives.

Basic Principles of Learning How do we learn anything? What are the basic principles of learning?

CONDITIONING CLASSICAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING BSN-II, RLE-II.

Edward Thorndike Research and Theory. Born in Williamsburg, Massachusetts (August 31, 1874) Earned BS from Wesleyan University-1895 MA at Harvard University-1897.

Watson coined the term “Behaviorism” in Punishment Neutral Effect Reward Response Stimuli Antecedent ConditionsBehaviorConsequences John Broadus.

Behaviorism: Antecedent Influences

Behaviorism: Antecedent Influences

History of Psychology.

Antecedent Influences

AP Psychology Unit 1: History and Approaches

Intro to Psychology Unit 1.

A non mentalistic view of Psychology

Presentation transcript:

Psyc 405: History & Systems Chap 9: Behaviorism: Antecedent Influences OR Ants, Rats, and Cats (Horses & Dogs too) OR Are you a “Dog” or “Cat” Person?

Some key ideas serve as a foundation for Behaviorism…….. Positivism Mechanism Pragmatism Parsimony

Margaret Floy Washburn The Animal Mind (1908) “The animal mind as deduced from experimental evidence” This book marked a sort of a turning point in Animal research 3d24dd7c8743&attrMsgId=LPWidget-A1&pf_rd_p= &pf_rd_s=lpo-top-stripe- 1&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i= &pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=0HH6TMCH5RXA52K2QP59

I.What sort of mind or thought exists in animals? None (time of Descartes) Human-like (Romanes: introspection by analogy) Tropism in ants – Loeb: involuntary forced movements. Maybe associative memories within higher-level animals Something else?? The story of Hans and Oskar Pfungst

II.E. L. Thorndike Interested in the work of William James, could not study learning in children at Harvard Earned PhD at Columbia (1898), advised by Cattell – Studied learning: Chicks in mazes Best known for his work examining cats trying to learn how to escape from the “puzzle box” KOfx0gGu9dzRDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false KOfx0gGu9dzRDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false (1898) 2KOfx0gGu9dzRDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false 2KOfx0gGu9dzRDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false (1911)

Cats learned by trying different actions until they achieved success…. Learning by trial-and-accidental-success OR “Trial-and-error learning” Behavior is impacted by positive and negative consequence (stamp in or stamp out actions) Applied his work in schools, military, and……

Thorndike is known for: *Connectionism (connection between situation and response) *Law of Effect: An action followed by satisfaction is strengthened (dissatisfaction  weakened) *Law of Exercise: More often an action is performed, the stronger the connection These ideas are similar to…………

III. Ivan Pavlov Russian physiologist studying gastric functioning using dogs as subjects. His work led to a new understanding of how digestion works, earning a Nobel Prize (Physiology/Medicine) His methods of studying digestion involved measuring salivary secretions, which brings us to psychology……

The “Tower of Silence”

The Conditioned Reflex: The response to one stimulus can be conditioned to or associated with another stimulus

Pavlov initially called this a “Psychic Reflex” which implies a mental component. However, such conditioning processes would be the foundation for an positivist school of Behaviorism that would reject mentalism

IV.Vladimir Bekhterev Another Russian Physiologist, he published “Objective Psychology” in Research on human motor reflexes – He examined both conditioned reflexes and associated reflexes (2 nd order conditioning) The founders of Behaviorism would cite Pavlov, but Bekhterev’s work provided better support