Japan Tsunamis Over 195 tsunamis in 1,313 years – 1 event every 6.73 years. Over 195 tsunamis in 1,313 years – 1 event every 6.73 years. Sept 20, 1498 ~8.6 M earthquake Great Buddha of Kamakura cast in bronze in 1252, 103 tons, 44 feet high, eyes 3 feet apart, located at 50 feet ASL and ½ mile from shore. Buddha moved by tsunami from its original site and temple destroyed.

3/1/1973 Ancient Tsunami Markers

3/11/2011 Earthquake - CalTech Japan Trench where subducting Pacific Plate is overridden by Okhotsk Plate. Fault slip 8-meter contours – 50 m max uplift – 250 km length, with km over 30 m uplift “Instead of saying a large earthquake wouldn’t happen there, we should have said we didn’t know.” – Hiroo Kanamori

Deep ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis 1.8 m High, ~10 min period 450 NM NE Tokyo, 5685 m deep

Tsunami caused by uplift of the frontal sedimentary region on eastern margin as the island of Honshu moved 17 feet eastward. Uplift of ~25 meters Death Toll 15, /17/2011 Missing 9,093 Total 24,186 In Shelters 115,433 PMEL Source

. 6.7 meter (22 ft) high Tsunami in 204 m deep ocean at Iwate GPS Gauge Yamazaki/Cheung UH source for Tsunami Max 25 meter uplift, -2.8 ft depression

Run-Up along coast Highest 37.9 meters = 124 feet

Red circle: run-up height Tsunami Water Levels - Blue Triangle - Run-up Height

Miyako Tsunami Barrier Tsunami Height – 11.5 meter, Seawall 7.6 meter Run-up heights of 19.5 and 25.5 meter, Over roof of 4 th floor building near coast

Miyako Tsunami

Whirlpool Natori wave strikes homes 901 dead, 145 missing

Natori Kesennuma Tsunami height 12 meter near Sendai airport 9 meter near fishing port Tsunami Heights meters, meter run-up 930 dead, 604 missing

8.5 meter tsunami height at Miyako tide gauge, 412 dead, 355 missing 8.0 meter at Ofunato near Tsunami source 314 dead, 150 missing

Rescue from Roof

People on Beer Factory Roof

Kamaishi 7-9 meter tsunami height 937 dead, 508 missing

Sendia Airport

Sendai Airport Sendia Airport 3 rd floor

Arahama 9.3 meter tsunami height

Fujitsuha

Ishinomaki 5 meter in Harbor 16 m runup Ogachi-machi 2964 dead, 2770 missing

Oshika

Kashima 4.22 meter and 5.2 meter tsunami height at Kashima Port

Helicopter Views of Japan Tsunami

Japan Tsunami Flooding Kesennuma

Rikuzentakata The coastline has been totally reshaped. A long barrier beach with well-vegetated land is almost completely gone. North of that flood water sits on agricultural fields. A 6.5 meter high sea wall was overtopped by a 13 meter high wave, 80% of 8,000 houses were swept away. Over 18,000 lost out of 26,000. The harbor gate failed to shut and 45 firemen where swept away while attempting to close them manually. v=-d6-l16v-fQ v=ScjHs9bClyc

Rikuzentakata Tsunami Rikuzentakata Tsunami

Rikuzentakata Failed Gate

Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant A 150 foot high splash as Tsunami impacts the turbine building, passes over its roof and strikes adjacent reactor building. The lower height structures including the diesel generators are already submerged Plant had a 19 foot high levee. The tsunami wave height was ~46 feet.

Fudai, Japan and its 3000 residents survived because of a 51 foot (15.5 meter) floodgate – Run-up of 66 feet (20 meter) on gate towers

SWAN Numerical Model of Tsunami reaching Hawaii 2 meter contour Source

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Makaha Beach – Mark Suiso 9 Feet Runup

Dan Walker’s North Shore Survey 17.5 ft

Haleiwa Harbor 7 Foot Run-up

Keehi Harbor

Keehi Harbor 70% boats damaged or lost

Kona Village Hotel Hales

Kealakekua Bay

Napoopoo

Napoopoo 16 feet runup - Walker

Napoopoo

Kona, Hawaii Tsunami

Crescent City 8 ft high waves

2004 Indian Ocean 2011 Japan 2004 Indian Ocean 2011 Japan Max Run-up 109 feet 125 feet Max Run-up 109 feet 125 feet Death Zone 33 feet 50 feet Death Zone 33 feet 50 feet Fritz/Meadows 33 feet Fritz/Meadows 33 feet EQ Length 1100 km 250 km EQ Length 1100 km 250 km Deaths ,000 25,000 Deaths ,000 25,000 To survive move to above 100 ft ASL, or above 4 th floor if you feel an earthquake or a Tsunami Alert To survive move to above 100 ft ASL, or above 4 th floor if you feel an earthquake or a Tsunami Alert

TSUNAMI Science and Hawaii Hazards PowerPoint Files PowerPoints with Movies are available on NMWW DVD 12/26/2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami - 300,000 Deaths 7 /8 /1955 Lituya Bay 1600 ft High Tsunami 8/2 7/ 1883 Krakatoa Volcanic Explosion generated Tsunami Proj ec tile Impact and Explosion Generated Waves Tsuna mi Hazard for Hawaii Kai, Hawaii Hawaii T sunami Hazard from M9 Earthquake like 12/26/2004 PDF- KT A steroid Impact - Asteroid Hazard to Life on Earth Dr. Walk er Hawaii Historical Tsunami Hazard Evaluation Meadows P D F Report on Hawaii Tsunami Zone Hazards PDF 6/2010 PACON Paper on Hawaii M9+ Tsunami Hazards 6/2010 PACON PowerPoint on Hawaii M9+ Tsunami Hazards 3/11/2011 Honshu Tsunami PowerPoint Tsunami Hazard to Hawaii from Landslides and Asteroids