New Views of the Seattle and Tacoma Faults Tom Brocher and Brian Sherrod U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, California and Seattle, Washington.

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Presentation transcript:

New Views of the Seattle and Tacoma Faults Tom Brocher and Brian Sherrod U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, California and Seattle, Washington

Cascadia eq types { Not an Earthquake!

Puget Lowland is being squeezed from south to north at a rate of about 1/4 inch/year (6 mm/yr) 1/4 in/yr

Typical fold type Future fault Fault

The Prevailing Model Faults move at depth

Two Problems 1)Surface faults are up to the north not to the south 2) Tacoma fault not yet recognized

Seismic Hazard Investigations in Puget Sound (SHIPS) March 1998

2 miles below we can see the Tacoma and Seattle basins, a ridge between them, and evidence for a sharp contrast across the Tacoma fault Pink symbols show uplift/subsidence at ~AD900

By folding and faulting!! SHIPS Tomography

A more complex fold type Wedge tip One sided fold (monocline)

Folding along Seattle fault

A New View You are Here!! 1824 Distance (miles)

Depth in miles to the main faults Seattle fault Tacoma fault Unlike in California, faults here dip gently so that the entire region between Seattle and Tacoma is underlain at shallow depth by an active fault Seattle

Seattle fault zone Downtown Seattle Seattle fault zone

Seattle fault zone Wedge tip

Seattle fault and folds

Seismic hazard issues Faulting towards Seattle Basin effects Shallow faulting Shallow folding Uplift Local tsunamis Landslides Wedge tip

Seattle fault zone - AD 900 Blake Island M6.4 M7.2 Shallow splay faults

Shallow splay faults only slip when the master floor thrusts slip - they do not represent independent seismic sources. Paleo slip on them tells us about slip on the floor thrusts. Shallow splay faults

Other wedges (Pakistan)

Flatirons of Boulder, Colorado

Widespread movement 900 AD Olympia Seattle Tacoma

Vancouver Seattle Tacoma PhaseIIPhaseII

Phase II results: Delineated the Seattle basin Recorded 1999 Chi-Chi EQ Identified basin amplification at low frequencies and attenuation at higher frequencies of weak ground motions

Vancouver Seattle Tacoma PhaseIIIPhaseIII

PhaseIIIPhaseIII Frankel