SELF AND PERSONALITY By: Susan Gupton Chapter 11: SELF AND PERSONALITY By: Susan Gupton

A SIMPLE REMINDER! Module 11 is harder than the last few modules! The best description I can give of this module is that it is very similar in nature to that of Module 2. It is similar in that there are several theories to keep straight in order to SUCCESSFULLY PASS MODULE 11!!!

In this presentation we will try to master the following: Erikson’s Theory vs. Freud’s Theory Erikson’s Eight Stages Social Learning Theory vs. Psychoanalytic vs. Psychometric State vs. Trait (stability of personality) Goodness of Fit Personality changes with age

These objectives are not all you need to know These objectives are not all you need to know. However, we have found that this is the material students often have the most trouble mastering!

Erikson v. Freud More emphasis on social influences Development continued throughout life (womb to tomb) Emphasis on rational ego More emphasis on sexual urges Development was complete in early childhood Emphasis on irrational id

Erikson’s Eight Stages Trust v. Mistrust (Birth-1) Autonomy v. Shame (1-3) Initiative v. Guilt (3-6) Industry v. Inferiority (6-12) Identity v. Role Confusion (12-20) Intimacy v. Isolation (20-40) Generativity v. Stagnation (40-65) Integrity v. Despair (65-older)

Erikson’s view on the word “CRISIS” Crisis does NOT mean a problem that the person has. It is an encounter between the INDIVIDUAL’S maturing EGO and the demands of the SOCIAL WORLD THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT AND I CAN PROMISE YOU THAT YOU WILL SEE THIS AGAIN!!! HINT HINT!!!!!!

Committment Yes No Crisis

Committment Yes No Crisis

Committment Yes No Achievement Crisis

Committment Yes No Achievement Crisis

Committment Yes No Achievement Moratorium Crisis

Committment Yes No Achievement Moratorium Crisis

Committment Yes No Achievement Moratorium Foreclosure Crisis

Committment Yes No Achievement Moratorium Foreclosure Crisis

Committment Yes No Achievement Moratorium Foreclosure Diffusion Crisis

Three Important Learning Theories Social Learning Psychometric Psychoanalytic It is important to know how each theory compares with the others and to note the similarities and differences between them. Think Chapter 2!!!!!

IMPORTANT TERMS TO REMEMBER! STATE  depends on situations that the individual is going through at the time Example: you are anxious about exams TRAIT  stable through life across time and situations Example: you are an anxious person at every age and in most situations

PSYCHOANALYTIC V. PSYCHOMETRIC Has stages People undergo similar personality changes at similar stages Age-related TRAIT NO stages People undergo similar personality changes in five dimensions Stable TRAIT

SOCIAL LEARNING V. PSYCHOANALYTIC Influenced by environment Personality can change at any time People change if environment changes Situational influences on behavior STATE Has stages People undergo similar personality changes at similar stages Universal Age-related TRAIT

SOCIAL LEARNING V. PSYCHOMETRIC Influenced by environment Personality can change at any time People change if environment changes Situational influences on behavior NO stages People undergo similar personality changes in five dimensions Stable

GOODNESS OF FIT The fit between biological dispositions and environmental expectations Example: Personality is STABLE if goodness of fit between your personality and environmental expectations IF fit is NOT good there is less stability and more change in personality

GOODNESS OF FIT IS A VERY IMPORTANT TERM!

I hope this presentation has been helpful and you will find the material beneficial not only to pass the quiz but to apply to everyday life! I created a self test on the material presented. You can turn your work in to a tutor or Dr. Ironsmith. This will earn you 5 Imperial Credits (so make good use of this opportunity) GOOD LUCK!!!!!!!!

Which theorist believed in the following? Development was completed in early childhood and stages end in adolescence Placed the most emphasis on irrational ID Emphasis was placed mainly on biological and sexual urges

For the following two examples, identify which of Erikson’s eight stages best matches with the examples Sammy wants to pour the milk on his cereal by himself. When mommy starts to pour the milk, he puts his hands over the bowl and shouts, “No! Me Do It!” Hannah sees Dr. Eppler teaching Elizabeth how to knit, and Hannah begs us to also teach her how to knit. That same day, Hannah also pleads to be allowed to help make Joey’s birthday cake.

For the following three examples, identify whether they best fit the Social Learning Theory, Psychometric, or Psychoanalytic models Stable across the lifespan, and is different for each individual Universal/age related changes, similar for different people at the same age Can change at any time in a person’s life, depends on the situation at hand and is strongly influenced by the environment

Which theorist believed the following? Development continued throughout a person’s life More emphasis was placed on social influences Emphasis was placed on the rational ego

8) Which theorist is being described in the following statements? Emphasis was placed on learning experiences and child rearing Emphasis was placed on modeling and imitation No stages – development is continuous

9) Which identity status is being described? Have not yet experienced a crisis Accepted identity which was merely suggested to you by your parents Diffusion Moratorium Foreclosure Achievement

Which identity status is being described? Have not thought about who you are Have not committed to an identity Diffusion Foreclosure Achievement Moratorium

Answers for the self test: Freud Autonomy v. Shame Initiative v. Guilt Psychometric Psychoanalytic Social Learning Theory Erikson Bandura C- Foreclosure A- Diffusion