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Prepare your scantron: Fill in your name and fill the bubbles under your name. LAST NAME FIRST, First name second Put your 4-digit code instead of “ IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ”. --- (The last 4 digits of your OleMiss ID.) Question # 1: answer A Question # 2: answer A Question # 3: answer E Setup: Please take a moment to mute your cell phone! Use a pencil, not a pen!

Exercises: recognize deep-sky objects You ’ ll need to answer: which of these five types of deep-sky objects we are looking at and how we know and what it is: 1.open cluster 2.globular cluster 3.galaxy 4.planetary nebula 5.diffuse nebula: reflection nebula, HII region, dust cloud, or a combination

What is it? How do we know? What object? Exercise 1 Supernova remnant Looks like result of explosion A star blew up What is it? How do we know? What object?Globular cluster Many stars in sphere shape Cluster of > 100,000 stars inside the Galaxy What is it? How do we know? What object?Diffuse nebula (HII zone) Glowing gas illuminated by blue stars Hot interstellar hydrogen gas cloud surrounds young hot stars

What is it? How do we know? What object? Exercise 2 Planetary nebula One star in the middle of colorful gas Old star loosing its atmosphere to space What is it? How do we know? What object?Open cluster Many scattered stars Loose disintegrating cluster of ~ 1,000 young stars inside the Galaxy What is it? How do we know? What object?Galaxy Lens-shaped star system with dark lane Star system of 100 billion stars like the Milky Way Galaxy

What is it? How do we know? What object? Exercise 3 Open cluster Many scattered stars Loose disintegrating cluster of ~ 1,000 young stars inside the Galaxy What is it? How do we know? What object?Diffuse nebula: HII region + dust clouds Glowing gas, dark dust clouds in front Hot interstellar hydrogen with dust blocking some of the light. A star formation region. What is it? How do we know? What object?Open cluster with reflection nebula Blue cloud around bright stars Loose disintegrating cluster of ~ 1,000 young stars inside the Galaxy, light reflected on interstellar dust.

How do we know Exercise 4 What is it? How do we know? What object?Supernova remnant Looks like result of explosion Star blew up What is it? Lens-shaped star system with spiral arms What object?Galaxy Star system of 100 billion stars like the Milky Way Galaxy

What is it? How do we know? What object? Exercise 5 Planetary nebula behind open cluster Many scattered stars + One star in the middle of colorful gas Loose disintegrating cluster of ~ 1,000 young stars inside the Galaxy + Old star loosing its atmosphere to space (unrelated) Insert:

Questions coming …

sec 30 Question 4 29 What is on the picture? A A star cluster B A galaxy C A supernova remnant D A planetary nebula E A diffuse nebula Next question coming …

sec 30 Question 5 29 What is on the picture? A An open cluster B A globular cluster C A galaxy D A planetary nebula E A diffuse nebula Next question coming …

sec 30 Question 6 29 What is in the picture? A A star cluster B A galaxy C A supernova remnant D A planetary nebula E A diffuse nebula Next question coming …

sec 30 Question 7 29 What is on the picture? A An open cluster B A galaxy C A globular cluster D A planetary nebula E A diffuse nebula Next question coming …

sec 30 Question 8 29 What is on the picture? A An open cluster B A globular cluster C A galaxy D A planetary nebula E A diffuse nebula Next question coming …

sec 30 Question 9 29 What is on the picture? A An open cluster B A globular cluster C A galaxy D A planetary nebula E A diffuse nebula

sec 30 Question What is on the picture? A An open cluster B A globular cluster C A galaxy D A planetary nebula E A diffuse nebula

Memorize this, please! The hierarchy of the Universe, Step 1 Earth Moon Size: 3476 km Distance: 384,400 km Step 1: The hierarchy of the Universe Size : 12,756 km = 7972 miles

The hierarchy of the Universe, Step 2 The Sun is a STAR Earth Distance = 400,000 km Step 2: the Solar System Planets The planets revolve around the Sun and reflect sunlight (they are not in a bunch as in this picture) Distance = 150 million km = 1 AU (Astronomical Unit) Memorize this, please!

The hierarchy of the Universe, Step 3 Sun Star Step 3: Stars Star Each star may come with its own planets (we cannot see these planets directly: too small and far away) Distance = a few light years 1 light year = 10,000 billion km (= km) Star The closest star (except the Sun): Proxima Centauri - 4 light years

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