Mobile system for atmospheric temperature profile monitoring: mobile MTP-5 Mikhail Khaikine 1), Arkady Koldaev 1), Evgene Kadygrov 1), Evgene Miller 1) Vladimir Sokolov 2) Nikolay Sokolov 3) 1) Central Aerological Observatory, Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and the Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Moscow, Russia, 2) Upper Volga Interregional Territorial Department, Roshydromet, Nijny Novgorod, Russia 3) The Committee for Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, Nijny Novgorod, Russia Nijny Novgorod

Introduction Studies of ground temperature heterogeneity show that the heat island inside of the city can have heterogeneous structure so-called "multicupolas". But this assumes, in turn, the three-dimensional heterogeneity of temperature profile. Thus, in the city can be observed different conditions for forming and destroying the inversions and, therefore, can be formed different prerequisites for pollution concentration increase in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL). MMTP-5 Mobile system for atmospheric temperature profile monitoring: mobile MTP-5

The technique and equipment used in the measurements. The investigations of space heterogeneity of atmospheric temperature stratification were carried out by mobile system MMTP-5 in the large city Nijny Novgorod and in its suburb in August-October The measurements of temperature profiles were conducted simultaneously by MMTP-5 and by stationary MTP-5 installed on the roof of hotel “Oka” at the altitude 235 m. The special equipment installed on the mobile system MMTP-5 allowed measuring air pollution concentration. The results of temperature profile measurements in 12 points of Nijny Novgorod and its suburb (5 points) are presented in this report. Mobile system for atmospheric temperature profile monitoring: mobile MTP-5 Stationary MTP-5 Mobile system MMTP-5

Main objectives for MMTP-5 1)Possibility of measurements in different locations with the use of unique, high cost device 2)Possibility of making measurements in the immediate vicinity of sores of air pollution 3)Possibility of scientific study of features in Urban climate and correspondent distribution of air pollutions (WMO GURME project) 4)Possibility of emergency service with “on site” air pollution diagnostic and forecast in case of industrial and public catastrophe 5)Commercial usage of the system as a rent or lease for environment protection services in industry and for scientific groups MMTP Mobile system for atmospheric temperature profile monitoring: mobile MTP-5

Features of MMTP-5 construction 1)Absence of any microwave units inside the car – installation on the roof of car. 2)Harsh weather and road condition protection – installation inside the standard car roof box. 3)Vibrating protection against car structure vibration and vibration caused by the road – three levels of vibrating protection: a) Solid state assembling of microwave radiometer; b) Vibrating isolation of microwave radiometer and housing c) Vibrating isolation of the complete system and car body in transport position 4)Power supply on the base of standard car battery – set of power converters and stabilizers 5)On line time and space location – GPS and GSM modem integrated in to the process of measurements MMTP Mobile system for atmospheric temperature profile monitoring: mobile MTP-5

Online of measurement in various points Data collecting about parameters of an atmosphere Transfer of the data to the dispatching centre The dispatching centre of the analysis of the data and acceptance of the decision about the protocol of measurements The primary analysis of the data and quality control The software of processing and representation of the data Data collecting in a stationary mode Transfer of the data to the dispatching centre MTP5 MMTP Display of the cartographical information Display of results of measurement of a mobile complex in online a mode as the time and space crossection diagrams The analysis of comparison of the data MMTP and stationary MTP-5 Package of the control of adverse conditions and short-term forecast Composition of the system

Pictures in transport position MMTP

Pictures on operation position MMTP

Measuring points altitude [m] Relative positions of measuring points 1,2, ,13 Volga Oka

Temperature profile measured by MMTP-5 1,2, ,13 August 6, 2004

Temperature profile measured by MMTP-5 1,2, ,13 August 7, 2004

August 6, 2004 Mobile MTP-5 Stationary MTP-5 August 7, 2004 Space variation Time variation

N1N0 N2N0 N5N0 N10N0 N11N0 N12N0 Particular results of immediate comparisons of Mobile and Stationary devices August 6, 2004

Dependence of correlation coefficient from distance between stationary and mobile profilers.

August 6, 2004 Vertical temperature gradient  [degree/100 m]  (T h+1 -T h )*2 Temperature difference [ O C] dT = T MTPM-5 -T MTP-5

Vertical temperature gradient  [degree/100 m]  = (T h+1 -T h )*2 Temperature difference [ O C] dT = T MMTP-5 -T MTP-5 August 7, 2004

Temperature profile measured by MMTP-5 1,2, ,13 September 1, 2004

Vertical temperature gradient  [degree/100 m]  = (T h+1 -T h )*2 Temperature difference [ O C] dT = T MMTP-5 -T MTP-5 September 1, 2004

Temperature profile measured by MMTP-5 1,2, ,13 October 16-17, 2004

Vertical temperature gradient  [degree/100 m]  = (T h+1 -T h )*2 Temperature difference [ O C] dT = T MMTP-5 -T MTP-5 October 16-17, 2004

Temperature profile measured by MMTP-5 1,2, ,13 October 17-18, 2004

Vertical temperature gradient  [degree/100 m]  = (T h+1 -T h )*2 Temperature difference [ O C] dT = T MMTP-5 -T MTP-5 October 17-18, 2004

Conclusion The measurements of temperature stratification in the Nijny-Novgorod industrial agglomeration carried out by means of mobile (MMTP-5) and stationary temperature profilers MTP-5 showed:  Mobile measuring temperature profiler MMTP-5 allows to investigate the spatial variability of atmospheric boundary layer temperature stratification.  In the inspected territory it was observed 3-5 sufficiently well resolved and steady zones distinguishing by the thermal structure of ABL. These zones are coupled with the orographical features of the city. The sizes and internal structure of these zones depended on the synoptic situation.  The zone of representative using of stationary MTP-5 data for the forecast of bad weather conditions (BWC) was determined on the basis of data obtained during these measurements. As consequent from the analysis, the data of stationary MTP-5 can be used regularly in the forecast of BWC within the radius 6-8 km. The extending of forecast to entire territory on the city and its suburb is possibly only under the specified synoptic conditions.

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