Summary of Chapter 12 KIN125

1. Varsity Varsity

2. The exclusionary or “varsity” model of interscholastic sport The exclusionary or “varsity” model of interscholastic sport Injuries Injuries Eligibility and pass to play rules Eligibility and pass to play rules Specialization in sport Specialization in sport The teacher/coach role conflict The teacher/coach role conflict Parental pressures Parental pressures

3. Recruiting violations and pressures Recruiting violations and pressures Drugs to enhance performance Drugs to enhance performance Economic disparities among top powers Economic disparities among top powers Economic pressures for winning Economic pressures for winning Treatment of athletes while at the university Treatment of athletes while at the university

4. The epiphysis injury The epiphysis injury

5. The rules must respect the developmental characteristics of the participants The rules must respect the developmental characteristics of the participants The psychological climate of the competition must be developmentally appropriate The psychological climate of the competition must be developmentally appropriate It should manifest the characteristics of play It should manifest the characteristics of play The participants are bound up in a cooperative effort learning lessons in cooperation as well as competition The participants are bound up in a cooperative effort learning lessons in cooperation as well as competition

6. The social-psychological abilities necessary to cooperate with teammates and compete with them in games is typically undeveloped prior to age eight The social-psychological abilities necessary to cooperate with teammates and compete with them in games is typically undeveloped prior to age eight

7. The European Club System gives youths the opportunity to learn and compete based on interest. The United States varsity model provides opportunity only for those skilled enough to make the team The European Club System gives youths the opportunity to learn and compete based on interest. The United States varsity model provides opportunity only for those skilled enough to make the team

8. No scholarships are given for athletic prowess. Nobody expects the sports to pay for themselves No scholarships are given for athletic prowess. Nobody expects the sports to pay for themselves

9. Economic factors as well as the status that is awarded to those associated with winning programs at universities Economic factors as well as the status that is awarded to those associated with winning programs at universities

10. Male hormones which help to increase strength and allow athletes to perform more work in training Male hormones which help to increase strength and allow athletes to perform more work in training

11. Unequal use of facilities and budgets Unequal use of facilities and budgets Sports announcers referring to a female athlete as pretty when this has nothing to do with the competition Sports announcers referring to a female athlete as pretty when this has nothing to do with the competition Assertiveness not being reinforced or accepted for girls Assertiveness not being reinforced or accepted for girls

12. The overall system elsewhere is funded by the government. In the United States, funding comes mostly from the private sector The overall system elsewhere is funded by the government. In the United States, funding comes mostly from the private sector

13. Participation Participation

14. Physical fitness, working especially toward the development of worksite fitness programs Physical fitness, working especially toward the development of worksite fitness programs

15. The epiphysis is a secondary growth center. Injury to this area risks permanent injury or disability. There is limited blood supply to this area, thus limited healing The epiphysis is a secondary growth center. Injury to this area risks permanent injury or disability. There is limited blood supply to this area, thus limited healing

16. Equipment can be modified Equipment can be modified The size of the field can be changed The size of the field can be changed The length of the game or contest can be modified The length of the game or contest can be modified The rules are changed so that they respect the developmental characteristics of the participants The rules are changed so that they respect the developmental characteristics of the participants

17. They allow younger participants to develop skills more quickly and efficiently They allow younger participants to develop skills more quickly and efficiently The changed game is more exciting, fun, and rewarding to the participants The changed game is more exciting, fun, and rewarding to the participants Rules can be developed to ensure that all participants have equal opportunities to learn and play the sport Rules can be developed to ensure that all participants have equal opportunities to learn and play the sport

18. Bad news: they typically behave in ways that are not productive for young athletes; too much evaluation, too many corrective feedback statements, too many negative interactions, too few supportive interactions Bad news: they typically behave in ways that are not productive for young athletes; too much evaluation, too many corrective feedback statements, too many negative interactions, too few supportive interactions Good news: they can change Good news: they can change

19. A boy or girl who grows up in a typical upper middle class suburb has more access to instruction and competition in a variety of sports than do children who grow up in cities A boy or girl who grows up in a typical upper middle class suburb has more access to instruction and competition in a variety of sports than do children who grow up in cities