No Space for Enjoying Life? The New Malthusians Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20071 Population in Global Perspective.

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No Space for Enjoying Life? The New Malthusians Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Population in Global Perspective

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20072

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No Space for Enjoying Life? The New Malthusians The Anti-Malthusians Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Population in Global Perspective

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20075

No Space for Enjoying Life? The New Malthusians The Anti-Malthusians Who is Correct? Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Population in Global Perspective

Why Are People Starving? Now More Food Per Person Produced Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Population in Global Perspective

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20078

Why Are People Starving? Now More Food Per Person Produced Starvation Occurs in Particular Places – Droughts – Wars Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Population in Global Perspective

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Population Growth Why Do Least Industrialized Nations Have So Many Children?

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Status of Parenthood Community Support Reliance on Children in Old Age Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Population Growth Why Do Least Industrialized Nations Have So Many Children?

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Implications of Different Growth Rates Population Pyramids Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Population Growth

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Implications of Different Growth Rates Population Pyramids Population Momentum Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Population Growth  Standards of Living

Demographic Variables Fertility Mortality Migration Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Population Growth

Problems in Forecasting Population Growth Basic Demographic Equation Growth Rate=Births - Deaths + Net Migration Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Population Growth

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Problems in Forecasting Population Growth Social Factors Complicate – Example of China – Industrialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Population Growth

The Development of Cities The Process of Urbanization – Metropolises – Megalopolises Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Urbanization

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U.S. Urban Patterns – From Country to City – From City to City – Between Cities – Within the City – From City to Suburb – Smaller Centers The Rural Rebound Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Urbanization

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The Concentric Zone Model The Sector Model Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Models of Urban Growth

The Multiple-Nuclei Model The Peripheral Model Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Models of Urban Growth

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Critique of the Models They are Time-Bound They Do Not Account for Urban Planning Fall Short with Cities in Least Industrialized Nations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Models of Urban Growth

Alienation and Community Human Need for Community Kitty Genovese Cities Undermine Kinship and Neighborhood Relationships Series of Smaller Worlds Copyright © Allyn & Bacon City Life

Who Lives in the City? The Cosmopolites The Singles The Ethnic Villagers The Deprived The Trapped Copyright © Allyn & Bacon City Life

Urban Sentiment: Finding a Familiar World City Divided into Little Worlds People Create Intimacy by Personalizing Shopping Spectator Sports Provide Venue Copyright © Allyn & Bacon City Life

Norm of Noninvolvement Diffusion of Responsibility Copyright © Allyn & Bacon City Life

Suburbanization Movement of People from Cities to Suburbs City Centers Lose in Transition City vs. Suburb Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Urban Problems and Social Policy

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Suburban Flight Disinvestment and Deindustrialization Potential Urban Revitalization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Urban Problems and Social Policy

Four Social Revolutions From Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft Capitalism, Modernization, and Industrialization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon How Social Change Transforms Social Life

Social Movements Conflict, Power, and Global Politics Copyright © Allyn & Bacon How Social Change Transforms Social Life

Cultural Evolution Natural Cycles Conflict Over Power Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Theories and Processes of Social Change

Marx’s Model of Historical Change Thesis (Current Arrangement of Power) Antithesis (Contradiction) Synthesis (New Arrangement of Power) Classless State Copyright © Allyn & Bacon How Social Change Transforms Social Life

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Ogburn’s Theory Invention Discovery Diffusion Cultural Lag Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Theories and Processes of Social Change

Evaluation of Ogburn’s Theory Too Unidirectional The Way People Adapt to Technology Only Part of the Story However, He Never Said Technology was the Only Force for Social Change Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Theories and Processes of Social Change

Technology is Tools and Skills Postmodern Societies Possess Technology that Greatly Extend Human Ability Copyright © Allyn & Bacon How Technology Changes Society

Changes in Social Organization Changes in Ideology Changes in Ostentatious Consumption Changes in Social Relationships Copyright © Allyn & Bacon The Extent of the Transformation

Displacement of Existing Technology Effects on Cities Effects on Farm Life and Villages Changes in Architecture Changed Courtship and Sexual Norms Effects on Women’s Roles Copyright © Allyn & Bacon The Impact of the Automobile

Computers in Education Computers in the Workplace Computers in Business and Finance Changes in the War Copyright © Allyn & Bacon The Cutting Edge of Change

Access to Libraries of Information World Linked by Almost Instantaneous Communication National and Global Stratification Represents a Digital Divide Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Cyberspace and Social Inequality

Environmental Problems in the Most Industrialized Nations Industrial Growth at the Cost of Natural Environment Major Polluters in Most Industrialized Nations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon The Growth Machine vs. The Earth

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Fossil Fuels and the Environment Copyright © Allyn & Bacon The Growth Machine vs. The Earth

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon

Fossil Fuels and the Environment The Energy Shortage and Multinational Corporations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon The Growth Machine vs. The Earth  Environmental Injustice

Ozone Depletion Greenhouse Effect Global Warming Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Environmental Problems in Industrializing Nations

Exported Pollution from Industrialized Nations Destruction of Habitat Disappearance of Rain Forests Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Environmental Problems in Least Industrialized Nations

Green Political Parties Activists Seek Solutions in… – Politics – Education – Legislation Copyright © Allyn & Bacon The Environmental Movement

Main Assumptions: Physical Environment a Significant Variable Human Beings Depend on Natural Environment Human Actions Have Unintended Consequences The World is Finite; Limits to Economic Growth Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Environmental Sociology

Main Assumptions: Economic Expansion Requires Extraction of Resources from Environment Increased Extractions Lead to Ecological Problems Ecological Problems Restrict Economic Expansion Governments Create Environmental Problems Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Environmental Sociology

Technology and the Environment: The Goal of Harmony Abuse of Environment Not Inevitable Must Discover Ways to Reduce or Eliminate Harm to the Environment Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Environmental Sociology