Intraurban Spatial Organization Technology and urban form John Borchart’s Evolutionary Epochs – Sail-Wagon ( ) – Iron Horse ( ) – Steel-Rail ( ) – Auto-Air-Amenity ( ) – High-tech (1970-?) Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Urban Geography: Urbanization and Location Clarke Urban Growth Model output of model run on Santa Barbara Green = Current Urban Light Blue = Predicted Urban Royal Blue = Excluded Yellow = Roads Red = Other

Central Place Theory – Centrality – Threshold: min. population for normal profits – Range: distance consumer is willing to travel to purchase product. Delivered Price Distance Demand Distance Demand Price Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Central Place Theory (cont.) – Excess ProfitsSpatial Competition, Equilibrium – Central place hierarchy, ordering, nesting Threshold Range Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Central Place Theory (cont.) – Assumptions: > Uniform spatial distribution of population/income > Isotropic transport surface > Consumers patronize nearest store > No excess profits (range=threshold) – Hexagonal trade areas of central place theory Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Spatial Competition:

Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Central Place Theory (cont.) – Relax Assumptions: > Population/income variation > Transport surface > Consumer behavior > Profits Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Central Place Theory (cont.) > Application to retail and settlement patterns. > Do cities of similar size have approximately equal spacing? > Encarta... Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Functional structure CBD, central city, suburb Urban Ecology: Classic Models > Concentric Zone: Burgess (1920s) > Sector Model: Hoyt (1930s) > Multiple Nuclei: Harris and Ulman (1940s) Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure

Economic Base and the Base Multiplier Basic and non-basic sector Defining the base multiplier Example: Raytheon Urban Geography: Urban Pattern and Structure