 Animal rights is the position that animals should not be exploited. Animal rights people believe that animals should not be used for food, clothing, entertainment, medical research, or product testing.

 This also includes the use of animals in rodeos, zoos, circuses, & even as pets. They believe it is ethically, morally, & inherently wrong to use animals for humane purposes under any condition.

 Animal Welfare is the position that animals should be treated humanely. This includes proper housing, nutrition, disease prevention & treatment, responsible care, handling & humane euthanasia or slaughter.

 Animal welfare people believe that animals can be used for human purposes, but that they should be treated so that discomfort is kept to a minimum.

 The subject of animal rights is more concerned with philosophy—and less concerned with science.  The subject of animal welfare is more concerned with science—and less concerned with philosophy.  Our philosophical views are individual and personal, but our collective professional goal is excellent animal welfare. 

"The worst sin towards our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them. That's the essence of inhumanity" George Bernard Shaw

 Animal Ethics issue began in Europe in the 1960s. ▪ Ruth Harrison’s Animal Machines ▪ Brambell Committee 1965  1993 UK Farm Animal Welfare Council published the 5 new freedoms.

 1866 – Henry Bergh founds American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals  – Legislation is proposed in Congress to restrict vivisection via a system of regulations and periodic inspection of laboratories.  1951 – Animal Welfare Institute founded  1954 – Humane Society of the United States founded

 New Zealand has had an Animal Protection Act of 1960, but as the issue of animal ethics evolved the Act became inadequate.  Consumers, both domestic and overseas (the U.S.), wanted assurances that animals were being treated humanely. ▪ Animal Welfare Act of ▪ It focuses on Preventing animal cruelty.

 Switzerland is another example of a country with an Animal Welfare Act.  1981 Swiss Animal Protection Act - this act made Switzerland the first country to ban cages in egg production.  Swiss poultry farmers have made profits using this method.

 (1) Animal Rights - the goal is ending all animal use ▪ no food, clothing, entertainment, medical research or hunting  (2) Animal Welfare – demands that animals must be treated and used humanely. ▪ Animals can be used for any purpose, but the responsibility of care and humane treatment lies with the human

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) The Animal Place The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS)  American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) - focus on animal welfare ▪ proper housing, nutrition, humanely handling and humane ▪ Deaths  Animal Welfare Institute (AWI) - animal welfare supporter  work to protect endangered species, improve lives of animals used in experiments and advocate humane farm practices

The goal of animal rights activists is to abolish the use of animals.

 Animals for meat  Animals for milk  Animals for fiber  Animals for pharmaceutical production (live)  Animals for pharmaceutical production (organs)  Animals for research  Animals for companionship  Animals for exhibition

How are animals viewed in industry? Fashion Medical / Scientific Research The use of animals for medical research has led to the development of numerous vacinations and cures for deseases which have killed millions of people. But at what cost? How should vaccines be tested and developed? If animal testing didn't take place then people would still be dying from these diseases today. For thousands of years people have killed animals for their fur. Discoveries in technology have led to the development of synthetic fibers, increased production in other natural fibers which do not require the killing of animals. Do we still need to kill animals for their fur? Should we?

The use of animals in scientific testing has always been, and will continue to be a controversial subject.

 While controversial, it is an unavoidable fact that animal research has allowed the development of medicines and vaccines, surgical techniques and advanced scientific understanding in many areas.

It is estimated that between 50 and 100 million animals are used in research each year. Some are purpose bred for testing but many are still caught in the wild.

Laika, a mixed bred dog ‘recruited’ into the Soviet space program after being found on the streets of Moscow. Laika’s mission would make her the first creature to orbit the Earth in an attempt to study the prolonged effect of weightlessness on a living being.

Laika was 3 years old when she was launched on the Sputnik 2 spacecraft on November 3 rd, 1957.

 Laika experienced minimal ill effects during launch but her heart rate did rise to three times.  It appeared that weightlessness alone did not cause major changes to the vital physiological functions of a living creature.  This was good news for human spaceflight.

But….Cabin temperature begun rapidly climbing to unacceptably high levels. Between 5 and 7 hours into the flight, there were no signs of life within the capsule. Laika had died from stress and overheating, undoubtedly a painful and distressing death.

Are human and animal lives of equal value?

 equipped/blessed with/ provided with: “Black people’s resistance to discrimination endowed them with the status they already deserved”

 chase, search for  “All people are in the pursuit of happiness in their lives.”

 dominate, control  If a person, idea or principle prevails in a fight, argument etc. they are successful in the end:  “We all hope that justice will prevail.”

 concern, problem, point in question  “Abortion is a highly controversial issue.”

 wrongdoing, to deliberately use something for the wrong purpose or for your advantage  “He abused his status as mayor and gave jobs to his friends.”  physical abuse, child abuse, sexual abuse,drug abuse, domestic abuse, verbal abuse

 consciously, knowingly, on purpose “He deliberately asks the same question to make me angry.”

 alert, awake  the state of being alert, awake  “The driver was still conscious when the ambulance arrived.”  “We should make young people conscious about environmental issue.  This will increase public consciousness on the pollution issue.

 kindly  “If we lived in a better, more humane world, we all would be happier.”

 limits, bounds  “There are restrictions on alcohol advertising”

 rank, position  New York is known for its status as a financial center.