The Growth of the Two- Party System Federalists vs. Democratic Republicans Mr. Bach Accelerated United States History Hudson High School

A Unified Country George Washington unanimously elected President of the United States First Cabinet –State – Thomas Jefferson –Treasury – Alexander Hamilton –War – Henry Knox –Attorney General – Edmund Randolph

Divisions Develop Immediately Strong centralized Government Government as the engine of the economy Federal power over state power Limited power in the central government American people as the engine of the economy State power over federal power

Alexander Hamilton Background –Illegitimate son from the West Indies –Served as Washington’s aid during the war –Favored national sovereignty and a strong, active national government

A Financial Genius Report on Public Credit First Bank of the United States Report on Manufactures Excise Taxes

Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan Report on Public Credit –Who would benefit? Who would lose? First Bank of the United States –Was this a constitutional action? Report on Manufactures –What is the vision for the United States? Excise Taxes –Are you replacing an old tyranny with a new one?

Whiskey Rebellion Whiskey tax would effect few farmers and would reduce consumption Washington’s victory ensured the dominance of republican ideals

The Hamilton – Jefferson divide develops into the two-party system

FederalistsFederalists Wealthy, commercial interests Strong central government Broad constructionists Cities, New England Anglophiles Democratic RepublicansDemocratic Republicans Poor to middle- class, agriculture Limited central government Strict constructionists Farmlands, South Francophiles

1792 Election Results (16 states in the Union) George WashingtonVirginiaFederalist % John AdamsMassachusetts Federalist % George ClintonNew YorkDemocratic- Republican % Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic- Republican 43.0% Aaron BurrNew YorkFederalist10.7% Electoral Votes Not Cast % Total Number of Electors132 Total Electoral Votes Cast264 Number of Votes for a Majority 67

1792 Election Results

Reaction to France How to respond to the excesses of the French Revolution? Citizen Genet Affair Washington’s Proclamation of “Neutrality”

Jay Treaty British agreed to withdraw from Northwest Eased restrictions on American shipping No compensation for runaway slaves –Who won? Who lost?

Washington’s Farewell Address Established the “tradition” of a two- term limit Warned against foreign entanglements in alliances Lamented the growth of the Democratic Republican faction

1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union) John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist7151.4% Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic -Republican % Thomas PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist5942.8% Aaron BurrNew YorkDemocratic -Republican % Samuel AdamsMassachusettsFederalist1510.9% Oliver EllsworthConnecticutFederalist118.0% George ClintonNew YorkDemocratic -Republican 75.1% Other % Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

1796 Election Results AdamsJefferson

XYZ Affair and Quasi-War France demands tribute for negotiations – Adams refuses. Adams starts to build the US Navy Undeclared war begins between American and French navies in the Caribbean

XYZ Affair

Alien and Sedition Acts and Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Is there a “French party in America?” Could the states oppose the national government?

The Revolution of 1800

1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union) Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic -Republican % Aaron BurrNew York Democratic -Republican % John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist6547.1% Charles PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist6446.4% John JayNew YorkFederalist 1 0.7% Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

1800 Election Results AdamsJefferson

1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)  1 vote for each State  1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)  1 vote for each State  Thomas Jefferson VirginiaDemocratic- Republican % Aaron BurrNew York Democratic- Republican 425.0% Blank %

As the 19 th Century Dawns – so do Partisan Politics Political machines – Tammany Hall Rival newspapers Salacious insults Sex scandals Even duels to the death!

Richmond Recorder (1802) A Song Supposed to have been written by the Sage of Monticello: –When pressed by loads of state affairs –I seek to sport and dally –The sweetest solace of my cares –Is in the lap of Sally, –She’s black you tell me – grant she be – –Must color always tally? –Black is love’s proper hue for me –And white’s the hue for Sally

The Death of Alexander Hamilton – and the Federalist Party