America’s History Sixth Edition Henretta • Brody • Dumenil America’s History Sixth Edition CHAPTER 8 Creating a Republican Culture, 1790-1820 Copyright © 2008 by Bedford/St. Martin’s and Matthew Ellington, Ruben S. Ayala High School

1. The Capitalist Commonwealth Banks, Manufacturing, and Markets Transportation Bottlenecks and Government Initiatives Public Policy: The Commonwealth System 2. Toward a Democratic Republican Culture Social and Political Equality for White Men Toward a Republican System of Marriage Raising and Educating Republican Children 3. Aristocratic Republicanism and Slavery The Revolution and Slavery, 1776-1800 The North and South Grow Apart The Missouri Crisis, 1819-1821 4. Protestant Christianity as a Social Force A Republican Religious Order The Second Great Awakening Women’s New Religious Roles

1A: Banks, Manufacturing, and Markets “Republicanism” had different meanings for people Banking and rural manufacturing gave rise to a new capitalist economy Panic of 1819: led to hostility against banks and foreshadowed regular business cycle Market economy drawbacks: environmental damage, more work, economic dependence

1B: Transportation Bottlenecks and Government Initiatives Private turnpikes (e.g. Lancaster in PA) and canals (e.g. Erie in NY) greatly improved transportation Federal government did not fund many “internal improvements” due to Republican opposition

1C: Public Policy: The Commonwealth System States legislatures and courts aided road, canal, and dam companies Charters, monopolies, eminent domain, and limited liability were granted

2A: Social and Political Equality for White Men American society rewarded individual achievement and wealth over inherited position More white men gained the right to vote while states excluded women and blacks

2B: Toward a Republican System of Marriage Sentimentalism encouraged marriage for love Republican ideals (political equality) led to changes

2C: Republican Motherhood Birthrate declined sharply beginning in late 1700s Society began to view women as keeper’s of virtue

2D: Raising and Educating Republican Children Parenting differed between rural and upper class Schooling seen as necessary only for 3 R’s Little American literature of note until 1830s

3A: The Revolution and Slavery, 1776-1800 Tens of thousands gained freedom in US Revolution Northern states slowly outlawed slavery after the war Prosser uprising and need for slaves in deep south turned many whites against emancipation

3B: The North and South Grow Apart Slavery led to cultural/educational differences Cotton boom, new southern states increased slavery American Colonization Society failed to export slaves

3C: The Missouri Crisis Tallmadge amendment tried to end slavery in MO Slavery from “necessary evil” to “positive good” Clay’s Missouri Compromise postponed a crisis

4A: A Republican Religious Order Rev. War encouraged separation of church & state States usually provided indirect aid to churches

4B: The Second Great Awakening Baptists and Methodists gained most during revivals--they were self-governing, emotional Circuit preachers such as Finney traveled large areas Slave Christianity focused on plight of Hebrews in OT Second Great Awakening fostered religious cooperation and reform movements

4C: Women’s New Religious Roles Christian republicanism bolstered women’s authority Women were 70% of Congregationalists by 1820 Women took over school teaching profession