1797-1801 The Constitution in Crisis. WARNINGS: Political Partisanship Sectionalism Foreign Entanglements Respect the Constitution.

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Presentation transcript:

The Constitution in Crisis

WARNINGS: Political Partisanship Sectionalism Foreign Entanglements Respect the Constitution

ACTIONS: Political Partisanship Sectionalism Foreign Entanglements Respect the Constitution

REPUBLICAN John AdamsThomas Jefferson FEDERALIST

The Constitution, as originally written, made no provisions for political parties. The original formula for the selection of the President and Vice President reflected this.

John Adams, President Thomas Jefferson, Vice President

Partisan Newspapers National Gazette (Republican) Gazette of the United States (Federalist)

old Querulous Bald BLIND crippled tOOTHLESS Adams

1798

I’ve got 99 problems… Partisanship’s only one.

F EDERALISTS The First Party System R EPUBLICANS HAMILTON John Adams Leaders JEFFERSON James Madison Strong CENTRAL Gov.FederalismStates’ Rights Anarchy / Mob RuleFearsTyranny LOOSE Construction Constitution S TRICT Construction YES Gov. Involvement in Economy NO VERY YES National Bank NO YES Protective Tariff NO YES Federal Assumption of State War Debts NO Urban (Commerce) Support Base Rural (Agrarian) AnglophilesForeign PolicyFrancophiles

Undeclared naval conflict between the US and France ( ).

To the wicked, everything serves as a pretext. Voltaire

Naturalization Act Alien Friends Act Alien Enemies Act 1798 Allowed the President to deport undesirable aliens Extended the residency requirement for citizenship from 5 to 14 years

Were the Alien Acts constitutional? To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization… From Article I, Section 8: DELEGATED

1798 Sedition Act Outlawed the publication of "false, scandalous, and malicious writing" against the government

Was the Sedition Act constitutional? From Amendment I: RESERVED Congress shall make no law… abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press…

The Sedition Act violated the Constitution on two counts: Free Speech & Press (1 st ) States’ Rights (10 th ) EPIC FAIL Clip from HBO’s John Adams (2:46)

Federalist No. 10 AMONG the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction…

The Constitution is a compact (agreement) between the states, and they have the authority to interpret it.

NULLIFICATION INTERPOSITION How far can states go in resisting unconstitutional laws passed by the federal government?

Kentucky Resolutions In questions of power, then, let no more be heard of confidence in man, but bind him down…by the chains of the Constitution.

Jefferson to John Taylor of Caroline “A little patience, and we shall see the reign of witches pass over, their spells dissolve, and the people, recovering their true sight, restore their government to its true principles.”