Chi-Square Test. Most of the previous techniques presented so far have been for NUMERICAL data. So, what do we do if the data is CATEGORICAL? Ex: Information.

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Presentation transcript:

Chi-Square Test

Most of the previous techniques presented so far have been for NUMERICAL data. So, what do we do if the data is CATEGORICAL? Ex: Information gathered on gender, political party, college major, etc.

Categorical Variables Based on observations Univariate – single categorical variable  Example: Sample 100 people & ask if they agree or disagree with a question. Bivariate – uses two categorical variables  Example: Sample 100 people & ask if they are male/female and what political party they support.

One-Way Frequency Table - Univariate Democrat Independent RepublicanDemocratRepublicanIndependent Republican DemocratRepublicanIndependent Freq.462 Data Horizontal One-Way Table Freq. Democrat4 Republican6 Independent2 Vertical One- Way Table

Goodness of Fit Test Used to measure the extent to which the observed counts differ from the expected counts. K = # categories of a categorical variable df = k – 1 Test Statistic:

How Does a Hypothesis Test for Chi-Square Work?

Assumptions

Hypotheses H o : State each proportion’s hypothesized value. H A : At least 1 of the proportions differ from the hypothesized value.

It uses the Chi-Square Chart Positively Skewed Uses d.f. On calculator!

Is there a preference in type of car? Freq.Expected SUV27 Truck25 Sedan29 Sports19 P 1 =proportion who prefer a SUV P 2 =proportion who prefer a truck p 3 =proportion who prefer a sedan P 4 =proportion who prefer a sports car Assumptions: Random Samples & all cell counts are at least 5. Use a Chi-Square goodness of fit Test df = 3

A researcher believes that the number of homicides crimes in CA by season is uniformly distributed. To test this claim, you randomly select 1200 homicides from a recent year and record the season when each happened. SeasonFreq Spring312 Summer298 Fall297 Winter293

Results from a previous survey asking people who go to movies at least once a month are shown in the table below. To determine whether this distribution is still the same, you randomly select 1000 people who go to movies at least once a month and record the age of each. Are the distributions the same? AgeSurveyFreq % % % % %207

What’s your favorite flavor of ice-cream?

Observed A40%45 B30%52 C20%39 D5%8 F 6

Homework Worksheet

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