Cycles in Nature Ch. 25-2 EQ: How does matter move among the biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem?

Recycling in the Biosphere Energy and matter move through the biosphere very differently Unlike the one-way flow of energy, matter is recycled within and between ecosystems

Evaporation/Transpiration The Water Cycle Precipitation Runoff Seepage Evaporation/Transpiration Condensation

What these term mean: Precipitation – Rain, snow, hail, mist Runoff – water running down a hill/ mountain Seepage – water going into the ground Evaporation – water going into the air (think steam) Transpiration – water going into the air from the water that is in plants and animals Condensation – Water forming clouds

Water moves between the ocean, atmosphere and land.

Nutrient Cycles A nutrient is a chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life Similar to water, nutrients are passed between organisms and the environment through cycles

Carbon Cycle The carbon cycle starts with producers removing CO2 from the air during photosynthesis They use this to make sugars that make up their structure which other animals eat. Energy is released from these molecules during respiration. Respiration uses oxygen and releases CO2. Photosynthesis then uses that CO2 and the cycle starts again.

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle All organisms require nitrogen to make proteins. Only certain types of bacteria can use the nitrogen in the air Such bacteria live in the soil and on the roots of some plants. They convert nitrogen gas into ammonia in a process called nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen Cycle key terms: Nitrogen fixation – turns nitrogen in the air into ammonia. Nitrification – turns ammonia into a useful form called nitrate Denitrification – changes the Nitrate to nitrogen gas. Assimilation – Plants or animals taking in the useful nitrogen (Nitrate) Ammonification – Animal waste that goes into the ground (think cow manure/ fertilizer)

Nitrogen Cycle Copy again

Question 1 Transpiration is part of the Water cycle Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Nutrient cycle

Question 2 Carbon is found in the atmosphere in the form of Carbohydrates Carbon dioxide Calcium carbonate ammonia

Question 3 The only organism that can covert nitrogen in the atmosphere into a form useful to living things are nitrogen fixing Plants Bacteria Detritivores animals