Slide 1 Engineering a Better Electrode Jeff Hendricks, Ph.D. Director of Engineering Biotectix LLC Dec. 6, 2012 NANS I3, Las Vegas, NV

Slide 2 Motivation: Needs for Next Generation Neuromodulation Electrodes  Increased sensitivity  Reduced size/ higher resolution  Better biointegration/ biological response  Lower stimulation thresholds  Focused stimulation  Higher efficiency/ lower power consumption  MRI compatibility  Flexible electrodes  Reduced device cost

Slide 3  Biotectix spun-out of the University of Michigan in 2007, originally based on technology for interfacing neural prosthetic electrodes  Biotectix is the leading provider of conducting polymer coatings for cardiac, neuromodulation, and drug delivery devices  Biotectix’s conducting polymer materials have a history of preclinical safety and biocompatibility, with first human use in 2011 Biotectix Snapshot BT DOT Conducting Polymers: PEDOT-based proprietary material, formulated for increased stability. Enhances stimulation and sensing by: Reducing interface impedance Dual conductivity of electrons and ions High effective surface area

Slide 4 Biotectix’s Technology Product Pipeline  Conductive polymer electrode coatings for medical devices  Medical devices and components that leverage BT technology BT DOT Conducting polymer electrode coating BT GelDOT 3-D conducting hydrogel coating BT SituDOT Injectable biointegrated polymer electrode Polymer electrode and conductive conduit BT DOT Sleeve BT DOT Coating Conducting polymer electrode coating BT DOT Sleeve Polymer electrode and conductive conduit BT GelDOT 3-D conducting hydrogel BT SituDOT Injectible biointegrated conducting polymer Near-term Long-term Low Q Med Q Hi Q

Slide 5 Comparison of BT DOT to TiN and bare PtIr Bare PtIr TiN BT DOT Impedance (Ohm) Freq. (Hz) Current (mA) Voltage  Lower impedance:  Up to 99% lower  Lower noise  Improved signal fidelity  Improved charge delivery capabilities  Up to 10X higher than Pt or PtIr  Reduced electrode polarization  Increased efficiency

Slide 6 Conducting Polymer Coatings Improve Sensing  BT DOT coatings reduce noise levels  Enables microelectrode recording  Makes possible detection of small signals  Improves neural activity discrimination vs. Au, IrOx

Slide 7 BT DOT Coatings Increase Quantity and Amplitude of MicroECoG Recordings  BT DOT decreases electrode impedance, reduces noise, and increases amplitude of neural recordings  BT DOT facilitates less invasive electrodes King, Lehmkhule, Dorval, et al. Conducting polymer electrode coatings improve the in vivo performance of microECoG arrays for neural applications. SfN. WDC Impedance (Ohms) RMS Power

Slide 8 BT DOT Reduces Electrode Voltages, Polarization In vitro and in vivo at 10 and 25 days after implant BT DOT-coated electrodes reduce electrode polarization and voltage excursions by >50% vs. IrOx In Vitro In Vivo Pulse: 45µA, 200us (5 mC/cm 2 ) 30µA Wilks et al., PEDOT as a micro-neural interface material for electrostimulation. Frontiers in Neuroengineering

Slide 9 Biotectix Confidential Stimulation through PEDOT vs. IrOx PEDOT-coated electrodes promote higher neuronal viability, reduced astrocyte activity near stimulated neural microelectrodes Cogan, Peramunage, Smirnov, Ehrlich, McCreery, Manoonkitiwongsa. In vitro and in vivo performance of PEDOT neural stimulation electrodes. Neural Interface Conference, Long Beach, CA. June, 2010

Slide 10 Biotectix Confidential Compliant electrodes High conductivity (similar to BT DOT) Durable for equivalent of several years in vivo Hydrophilic materials provide lubricity BT GelDOT Coatings: Soft Electrodes Hydrated GelDOT

Slide 11 Novel BT Materials Can Enable New Lead Designs with Reduced Precious Metal Use  Biotectix’s alternatives to precious metal electrodes  Flexible all-polymer electrodes  BT DOT-coated SS and MP35N electrodes electrically outperform Pt, reduces need for precious metal electrodes ” BT DOT Sleeve polymer conductive tubing electrodes BT DOT-coated MP35N delivers more charge than Pt

Slide 12 Biotectix’s drug delivery technology enables on-demand release  Electrically-triggered drug delivery for precise control of release of both neutral and charged drugs  Biotectix’s coatings provide:  Fast, on-demand drug delivery (at specified times/periods)  Delayed delivery (days to weeks after implantation)  Responsive drug delivery (in response to specific events) Stimulated release of Dexamethasone (10’s µg in 60s)

Slide 13 BT SituDOT Bio-integrated Nanowire Polymer Electrode  Conducting polymer nanowires are deposited in situ from biomedical electrodes to form intimate 3-D connection with target tissue.  BT SituDOT can  Overcome encapsulation/insulating tissue reactions  Improve interfacing and connectivity with muscle, brain, bone, cartilage  Enable minimally-invasive injectable electrodes Low Q Med Q Hi Q

Slide 14 Biotectix’s Conducting Polymers Enable Many Cardiac and Neuromodulation Devices  BT technology addresses all electrically-active devices  A track record of successful preclinical and FIH studies for multiple device platforms.  Actively engaging partners to explore applications in multiple clinical areas

Slide 15  Conducting polymer coatings and electrodes can improve device performance and safety while reducing device cost:  Increased sensing fidelity, reduced noise  Increased stimulation capabilities, reduced polarization  Soft, compliant electrodes  Drug delivery capabilities  Non-precious metal electrodes  Biotectix is the leading provider of medical conducting polymer coatings  Biotectix’s materials have preclinical safety, biocompatibility, performance  Biotectix is currently engaging strategic partners to several areas to codevelop new electrode technology for CRM, neuromodulation, and drug delivery applications Summary

Slide 16 Jeff Hendricks, PhD Thank you!