Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS): next planned mission of the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program.

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Presentation transcript:

Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS): next planned mission of the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program ARCTAS to be conducted in spring and summer 2008 (two phases) as part of the POLARCAT program during the International Polar Year (IPY) INTEX-A INTEX-B ARCTAS ARCTAS white paper available: D.J. Jacob (lead), W.H. Brune, B. Cairns, K. Chance, J. H. Crawford, J. E. Dibb,J.C. Gille, R. Kahn, Q. Li, W. McMillan, B. Pierce, L.A. Remer, P.B. Russell, H.B. Singh, C.R. Trepte, J. Worden

URGENT NEED TO BETTER UNDERSTAND ARCTIC ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND CLIMATE ARCTIC IS A BEACON OF GLOBAL CHANGE Rapid warming over past decades Receptor of mid-latitudes pollution – arctic haze, ozone build-up, accumulation of persistent pollutants Large and increasing influence from boreal forest fires in Siberia and North America POTENTIALLY LARGE RESPONSE Melting of polar ice sheets and permafrost Decrease of snow albedo from soot depostion Efficient UV/Vis absorption by ozone, soot Halogen radical chemistry UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY FOR NASA Large NASA satellite fleet for atmospheric composition and radiation Interagency and international collaboration through POLARCAT Broader synergies enabled by other IPY activities (OASIS for oceans, etc.)

Satellites: CALIPSO, OMI, TES, HIRDLS, MLS, MODIS, AIRS, MISR, MOPITT Aerosol optical depth, properties CO, ozone, BrO, NO 2, HCHO Aircraft: DC-8, J-31, B-200 Detailed in situ chemical and aerosol measurements Remote sensing of ozone, aerosol, surface properties Models: CTMs, GCMs, ESMs Source-receptor relationships for Arctic pollution Effects of boreal forest fires Aerosol radiative forcing Arctic chemistry Data assimilation Diagnostic studies Retrieval algorithm development & validation Correlative information Model error characterization ARCTAS STRATEGY: use aircraft to increase value of satellite data for models of arctic atmospheric composition and climate Two 1-mo deployments: Mar-May and Jun-Jul 2008

ARCTAS Science Theme 1: winter/spring long-range transport of pollution to the Arctic European influence Arctic haze TES 600 hPa CO, March 2006 What are the transport pathways for different pollutants? What are the contributions from different source regions, the source-receptor relationships? What is the interannual variability (e.g., Arctic Oscillation)? Satellite capabilities: CO (TES, AIRS, MOPITT) O 3 (TES, OMI-MLS) aerosol (CALIPSO, MODIS, MISR) Aircraft added value: detailed chemical composition tracers of sources vertical information J. Worden, JPL

ARCTAS Science Theme 2: Boreal forest fires Fire trend over past decade CALIPSO view of fire plume MISR injection height b Siberian fire, July 26, 2006 J. Crawford, LaRC C. Trepte, LaRC R. Kahn, JPL What is the chemical composition & evolution of the fire plumes? What are their aerosol optical properties, how do these evolve? What are the injection heights, what are the implications for transport & chemistry? Satellite capabilities: plume layers (CALIPSO) injection heights (MISR) aerosols (OMI, MODIS, MISR) CO (TES, MLS, AIRS, MOPITT) Aircraft added value: detailed chemical composition aerosol properties pyroconvective outflow

ARCTIC Science Theme 3: Aerosol radiative forcing CALIPSO clouds and smoke Arctic haze MISR true-color fire plume C. Trepte, LaRC R. Kahn, JPL What is the regional radiative forcing from Arctic haze, fire plumes? How does this forcing evolve during plume aging? What are the major sources of soot to the Arctic? What is the effect of deposited soot on ice albedo? Satellite capabilities: UV/Vis/IR reflectances (Cloudsat, OMI, MODIS, MISR) multiangle sensing (MISR) lidar (CALIPSO) Aircraft added value: detailed in situ aerosol characterization remote sensing of radiances, fluxes albedo and BRDF of surface

ARCTAS Science Theme 4: Chemical processes Ozone, Hg depletion events OMI tropospheric BrO TES tropospheric ozone Sprovieri et al. [2005] K. Chance, Harvard/SAO J. Worden, JPL What is the HO x /NO x chemistry in the Arctic? What drives halogen radical chemistry in the Arctic, what is its regional extent? What are the regional implications of halogen chemistry for ozone and mercury? How does stratosphere-troposphere exchange affect tropospheric ozone in the Arctic? Satellite capabilities: Ozone (TES, OMI/MLS) BrO (IOMI) strat-trop exchange (HIRDLS) CO (TES, AIRS, MOPITT) Aircraft added value: detailed chemical characterization, constraints on photochemical models validation of OMI tropospheric BrO HO x measurement intercomparison

AIRCRAFT PLATFORMS, PAYLOADS DC-8: major in situ platform Ceiling 37 kft, range 4000 nmi, endurance 9 h Payload: O 3, H 2 O, CO, CO 2, CH 4, NO x and HO x chemistry, BrO, halogen reservoirs, mercury, NMVOCs, halocarbons, SO 2. HCN/CH 3 CN, actinic fluxes, aerosol mass and number concentrations, aerosol physical and optical properties, remote ozone and aerosol B-200: major CALIPSO validation platform Ceiling 32 kft, range 800 nmi, endurance 3.5 h Payload: High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) J-31: major aerosol remote sensing platform Ceiling 26 kft, range 800 nmi, endurance 5 h Payload: optical depth, radiative flux, radiance spectra

Anchorage Fairbanks Churchill Winnipeg Kiruna (spring) Iqaluit Thule POTENTIAL ARCTAS BASES AND NOMINAL DC-8 RANGES …also consider a Russian base (Yakutsk?)

DC-8 FLIGHT STRATEGIES Characterization of emissions, surface uptake Process studies: photochemistry plume evolution transport mechanisms Satellite validation Air mass characterization global and regional chemical budgets long-range transport Lidar remote sensing: mapping of pollution plumes satellite validation

J-31 FLIGHT STRATEGIES

MAJOR INTERAGENCY AND INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS UNDER POLARCAT NSF/OPP+ATM: summer surface chemistry intensive at Summit DOE: aircraft intensive at Alaska ARM site in April 08, focus on aerosol-cloud radiation NOAA (not committed yet): WP-3 based in Iqaluit and R/V Brown cruise to Greenland and Barents Seas, focus on aerosol-cloud interactions and North American export of pollution DLR (likely, not committed yet): Falcon based in NE Canada in summer 08, focus on pyroconvection and cirrus chemistry Canada (pending): three aircraft in summer 07 and 08 based in Yellowknife, focus on pyroconvection.