LOW-VOLTAGE LIGHTING

and-control/luxorhttp:// and-control/luxor

Lighting VOLT: the force that moves electricity –Like water pressure 240 volts for heavy equipment

Lighting 120 volts for house voltage

Lighting 12 volts is low voltage and safe

Lighting CURRENT or AMPERAGE: the flow of electricity –Like water flow

Lighting Ohms: measure of resistance –Like friction loss in irrigation Resistance reduces voltage

CIRCUIT PANEL Each circuit 120 VoltsEach circuit 120 Volts Overload, current exceeds capacity and overheatsOverload, current exceeds capacity and overheats Circuit breaker prevents overloadCircuit breaker prevents overload

CIRCUIT PANEL Circuit fuse prevents overload

LIGHTING BULBS Incandescent Voltage through coiled filament Converts to 90% heat and 10% Filament evaporates tungsten (darkens bulb)

LIGHTING BULBS Halogen Voltage through coiled filament Halogen gas in the bulb binds the tungsten to prevent darkening

LIGHTING BULBS Halogen <10.5 V does not heat up enough –Color shift

LIGHTING BULBS Fluorescent (CFL) Electricity travels through argon gas Require ballast to supply start-up current Contain mercury

LIGHTING BULBS Solar Lights Utilize LED light Bluish light

LIGHTING BULBS LED (Light emitting diode) No filament Doesn’t heat up significantly –Efficient Directional

LIGHTING BULBS Incandescent 1, watts $325/annually CFL 8, to 15 watts $76/annually LED 50,000 hours 6 to 8 watts $32/annually LEDIncandescentCFL

LIGHT FIXTURE

TRANSFORMERS Converts 120 V to 12 V 12 V taps (or higher) Multiple taps

TRANSFORMERS

Wattage capacity –300W, 600W, 900W, or 1200W Timer and photocell

TRANSFORMERS

Wattage Requirements Add the wattage of all fixture connected 60% to 80% of transformer capacity

Cable WIRE SIZE, or AWG (American Wire Gauge) The lower the number, the thicker the wire

Cable Single circuit cable 12/2

CABLE Splicing cable Quick connectionQuick connection

Splicing cable Wire nuts (DBY)Wire nuts (DBY)

Cable If wire is too small Higher amps Increased resistance Increased heat Fewer volts

Reduce Voltage Drop Shorten cable Increase cable size

Reduce Voltage Drop Center transformer Reduce number of lights Reduce bulb wattage

Voltage Drop Cable length X Total watts X 2 = Voltage Drop Cable constant

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Path lighting

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Path lighting

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Up lightingUp lighting

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Up lightingUp lighting

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Up lightingUp lighting

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Down lighting (Moonlighting)Down lighting (Moonlighting)

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Down lighting (Moonlighting)Down lighting (Moonlighting)

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Down lighting (Moonlighting)Down lighting (Moonlighting)

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Silhouette lighting

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Grazing

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Grazing

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Spot lightingSpot lighting

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING ShadowingShadowing

BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING ShadowingShadowing

MR-16

PAR

Cost of Lighting Cost estimator or.htmhttp:// or.htm Kilowatt-hour (kWh) –1000 watts used for an hour

Cost of Lighting SCE&G –$0.115 kWh Pond pump (340 watts) 0.33 kWh in an hour 0.33 x = $0.038 per hour 24 hours x = $0.91 per day 30 days x 0.91 = $27.32

Cost of Lighting Small pond pump 0.01 kWh in 2 hours kWh per hour x $0.115 = $ per hour X 24 hours = 0.014

Landscape lights, 130W 0.13 kWh per hour X $0.115 = $0.015 X 4 hours a night = $0.06 X 30 days = $1.80 a month

Christmas lights, 100 bulbs –(1 strand) kHw per hour X = $0.004 X 10 strands = $0.04 X 6 hours = $0.24 a night X 30 days = $7.20 a month

12v, 10w halogen: 200 lumens 12v, 1w LED: 50 lumens

Refrigerator, 1.37 kWh per 16.5 hours kWh per hour $.0095 per hour $0.23 per day $6.87 per month

Computer station at home 1.81 kWh / 15 hours