LOW-VOLTAGE LIGHTING
and-control/luxorhttp:// and-control/luxor
Lighting VOLT: the force that moves electricity –Like water pressure 240 volts for heavy equipment
Lighting 120 volts for house voltage
Lighting 12 volts is low voltage and safe
Lighting CURRENT or AMPERAGE: the flow of electricity –Like water flow
Lighting Ohms: measure of resistance –Like friction loss in irrigation Resistance reduces voltage
CIRCUIT PANEL Each circuit 120 VoltsEach circuit 120 Volts Overload, current exceeds capacity and overheatsOverload, current exceeds capacity and overheats Circuit breaker prevents overloadCircuit breaker prevents overload
CIRCUIT PANEL Circuit fuse prevents overload
LIGHTING BULBS Incandescent Voltage through coiled filament Converts to 90% heat and 10% Filament evaporates tungsten (darkens bulb)
LIGHTING BULBS Halogen Voltage through coiled filament Halogen gas in the bulb binds the tungsten to prevent darkening
LIGHTING BULBS Halogen <10.5 V does not heat up enough –Color shift
LIGHTING BULBS Fluorescent (CFL) Electricity travels through argon gas Require ballast to supply start-up current Contain mercury
LIGHTING BULBS Solar Lights Utilize LED light Bluish light
LIGHTING BULBS LED (Light emitting diode) No filament Doesn’t heat up significantly –Efficient Directional
LIGHTING BULBS Incandescent 1, watts $325/annually CFL 8, to 15 watts $76/annually LED 50,000 hours 6 to 8 watts $32/annually LEDIncandescentCFL
LIGHT FIXTURE
TRANSFORMERS Converts 120 V to 12 V 12 V taps (or higher) Multiple taps
TRANSFORMERS
Wattage capacity –300W, 600W, 900W, or 1200W Timer and photocell
TRANSFORMERS
Wattage Requirements Add the wattage of all fixture connected 60% to 80% of transformer capacity
Cable WIRE SIZE, or AWG (American Wire Gauge) The lower the number, the thicker the wire
Cable Single circuit cable 12/2
CABLE Splicing cable Quick connectionQuick connection
Splicing cable Wire nuts (DBY)Wire nuts (DBY)
Cable If wire is too small Higher amps Increased resistance Increased heat Fewer volts
Reduce Voltage Drop Shorten cable Increase cable size
Reduce Voltage Drop Center transformer Reduce number of lights Reduce bulb wattage
Voltage Drop Cable length X Total watts X 2 = Voltage Drop Cable constant
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Path lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Path lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Up lightingUp lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Up lightingUp lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Up lightingUp lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Down lighting (Moonlighting)Down lighting (Moonlighting)
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Down lighting (Moonlighting)Down lighting (Moonlighting)
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Down lighting (Moonlighting)Down lighting (Moonlighting)
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Silhouette lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Grazing
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Grazing
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Spot lightingSpot lighting
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING ShadowingShadowing
BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING ShadowingShadowing
MR-16
PAR
Cost of Lighting Cost estimator or.htmhttp:// or.htm Kilowatt-hour (kWh) –1000 watts used for an hour
Cost of Lighting SCE&G –$0.115 kWh Pond pump (340 watts) 0.33 kWh in an hour 0.33 x = $0.038 per hour 24 hours x = $0.91 per day 30 days x 0.91 = $27.32
Cost of Lighting Small pond pump 0.01 kWh in 2 hours kWh per hour x $0.115 = $ per hour X 24 hours = 0.014
Landscape lights, 130W 0.13 kWh per hour X $0.115 = $0.015 X 4 hours a night = $0.06 X 30 days = $1.80 a month
Christmas lights, 100 bulbs –(1 strand) kHw per hour X = $0.004 X 10 strands = $0.04 X 6 hours = $0.24 a night X 30 days = $7.20 a month
12v, 10w halogen: 200 lumens 12v, 1w LED: 50 lumens
Refrigerator, 1.37 kWh per 16.5 hours kWh per hour $.0095 per hour $0.23 per day $6.87 per month
Computer station at home 1.81 kWh / 15 hours