Chapter 14: Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Water 1. Hydrogen properties reactions production and uses hydrides 2. Oxygen production and uses of oxygen oxides, peroxides anhydrides 3. Water: hydrates Chapter 14

review topics: CHAPTER 4 Chapter 14

properties of hydrogen Chapter 14

acts like a halogen when reacting with a metal: reactions of hydrogen acts like a halogen when reacting with a metal: acts like an alkali metal when reacting with a halogen: forms covalent bonds with many nonmetals and semi-metals (C, H, Si, N, P, B) production of hydrogen very pure : electrolysis of water 2H2O(l)2H2(g)+O2(g) in the lab: Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)ZnCl2(aq)+H2(g) Chapter 14

production of hydrogen commercially: reduce water with Fe, C, or CH4 the steam-hydrocarbon reforming process H2O(g)+CH4(g)CO(g)+3H2(g) H=+206 kJ CO(g)+H2O(g)CO2(g)+H2(g) H-41 kJ uses of hydrogen D2O: coolant for nuclear reactors O2&H2: space shuttle fuel N2&H2: fertilizer (95% of all hydrogen) CO&H2: methanol, CH3OH Chapter 14

binary hydrides: compounds that contain hydrogen and one other element ionic hydrides: compounds of H and the alkali and alkaline earth metals covalent hydrides: compounds of H with nonmetals and semimetals like B, C, O, N, F, Cl, Br, I, P, As, S metallic (interstitial) hydrides: MHx; sometimes nonstoichiometric Chapter 14

binary hydrides covalent hydrides metallic hydrides ionic hydrides Chapter 14

metallic (interstitial hydrides): MHx; sometimes nonstoichiometric Chapter 14