 Single Replacement Reactions + + 

General Equation A + BX  AX + B

Helpful Hints  Metals replace metals and hydrogen  Halogens replace halogens  Metals + H 2 O metalOH + H 2

Steps to Predicting a single replacement reaction 1. Look at the reactants given and determine if the single element is a metal or a halogen 2. Look at the compound given in the reactants, and find the same type of element (metal or halogen) identified in step 1 3. Find both elements on the reactivity series

4. If the element identified in step 1 is higher on the reactivity series than the element in step 2, then they will switch places to form new products 5. Look at the products formed If the single element is a diatomic molecule, it needs a subscript of 2 If your compound is not neutral; look at the charges and add subscripts to make it neutral

Example 1: Step 1: Zn is the single element, and it is a metal Step 2: Ag is the metal in the compound Step 3: Look at the activity series for metals (next slide) Step 4: Zn is higher on the list (more reactive) so it will switch places with Ag (new products = Ag + ZnNO 3 Step 5: Ag is not a diatomic molecule so it doesn’t need a subscript; ZnNO 3 is not a neutral compound so we need to look at the charges and make it neutral; Zn 2+ NO 3 1- Zn(NO 3 ) 2 Zn + AgNO 3 ______________ Ag + Zn(NO 3 ) 2

Activity Series Metals Li Rb K Cs Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Ti Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au Most reactive Least reactive

Cl 2 + K I __________ Example 2: Step 1: Cl is the single element, and it is a halogen Step 2: I is the halogen in the compound Step 3: Look at the activity series for non-metals (next slide) Step 4: Cl is higher on the list (more reactive) so it will switch places with I (new products = KCl + I Step 5: I is a diatomic molecule so it needs a subscript of 2; KCl is a neutral compound because the charges are equal and opposite KCl + I 2

Activity Series Non-metals F 2 Cl 2 Br 2 I 2 Most reactive Least reactive

Example 3: Step 1: Ag is the single element, and it is a metal Step 2: K is the metal in the compound Step 3: Look at the activity series for metals (next slide) Step 4: K is higher on the list (more reactive) so Ag will not switch places with K Step 5: There will be NO REACTION (NR) Ag + KNO 3 ______________ NR

Activity Series Metals Li Rb K Cs Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Ti Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au Most reactive Least reactive