Halogens AKA “Salt-Formers” Group 17 Nicole Tomasso, Karen Ruano, and Amy Miller

What are the Elements found in the Halogen Family? Fluorine-F: Found in toothpaste; prevents tooth decay Chlorine-Cl: Disinfects pool water and drinking water Bromine-Br: Used to manufacture fire-retardants and pesticides; also used in photographic film Iodine-I: Makes tincture of Iodine, a common household antiseptic used to treat cuts and scratches Astatine-At: Radioactive; all isotopes are radioactive; extremely rare Electron Configuration Formula- np5

Electron Configurations Electron Configuration Formula: np5 Fluorine: 1s2 2s2 2p5 Chlorine: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 Bromine: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5 Iodine: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p5 Astatine: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p5

States of Matter Fluorine- Corrosive, pale yellow gas. Reactive with all elements. Chlorine- Green yellow gas. Bromine- Dark red brown liquid. Readily forms a red brown vapor. Iodine- Dark gray solid. Readily forms a violet vapor. Astatine- Radioactive solid. Only occurs as the result of other decaying elements.

Metals, Non Metals, or Metalloids? The Halogen elements are all non-metallic elements Non metallic means that there is no metal in there chemical makeup

General Physical Properties Fluorine and Chlorine are both gases Bromine is a liquid Iodine and Astatine are the only solid and their textures are brittle. There melting points are varied: F: -219.62 °C Cl: -101.5 °C Br: -7.2 °C I: 113.7 °C At: 302 °C They are not good conductors because they are all non-metals. They are not lustrous or malleable. Astatine is the only radioactive element in the Halogen family.

General Chemical Properties They are highly reactive they are missing one valence electron and like to bond with almost any element so they can receive that missing electron. Fluorine= one of the most reactive elements in existence. Fluorine is also reactive in small amounts of water. They usually react with elements with one valence electron.

Extra Information Fluorine is mined as fluorspar, calcium fluoride and cryolite. Chlorine is also found in minerals such as rock-salt, and huge quantities of chloride ions occur in seawater, inland lakes and subterranean brine wells. It is obtained by the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. Bromine is also found as the bromide ion in seawater, and in brine wells, from which it is extracted. Iodine is mined as sodium iodate which is present in Chile saltpetre. It is obtained by reaction with sodium hydrogensulfite. Astatine only occurs after the decomposition of other elements.

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Interesting Facts The halogen family is the only family in the periodic table that has elements in all three states of matter at room temperature. Halogens are one of the most electronegative elements in the periodic table. Chlorine gas, also known as mustard gas, was used during World War I was the start of chemical warfare.