SCH4U SPRING 2012 Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Alcohols and Haloalkanes

Hydrocarbon derivatives Made up of carbon atoms and at least one other atom that is not hydrogen E.g. Alcohols, haloalkanes, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, amines and amides

Alcohols (suffix: -ol) Contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) Examples:

Naming alcohols Identify the root o identify the longest chain that includes the hydroxyl group(s) o name the parent alkane Identify the suffix o number the main carbon chain in the direction that gives the carbons bonded to the hydroxyl group(s) the lowest numbers o Indicate the position of each hydroxyl group o If there is more than one hydroxyl group, place a prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-) at the beginning of the suffix Identify the prefix Name the compound o If the suffix begins with a vowel, drop the –e on the end of the parent alkane o There is no space or hyphen between the prefix and the root

Questions Name each alcohol:

Drawing alcohols Identify the root Draw and number the main chain Identify the suffix and draw the side groups Identify the prefix an draw the side groups Add enough hydrogen atoms to give each carbon atom four bonds

Questions Draw the condensed structural formula for each alcohol: o Propan-1-ol o 3,4-dimethylhexan-2-ol Draw the line structural formula for each alcohol: o Butane-1,3-diol o 2,3-diethylcyclohexanol

Haloalkanes Contain at least one halogen atom (e.g. –F, -Cl) Examples:

Naming Haloalkanes Identify the root o Identify the longest chain that includes the halogen atom(s) o Name the parent alkane Identify the prefix o Number the main carbon chain in the direction that gives the carbons bonded to the halogens the lowest numbers o Use prefixes to identify the specific halogens (e.g. chloro-, fluoro-, bromo-, iodo-) and determine their positions o Write the prefixes alphabetically o If there are two or more of the same type of halogen, use a prefix (di-, tri-) to indicate the number o Name and number any alkyl side groups Name the compound o There is no space or hyphen between the prefix and the root

Questions Name each haloalkane

Drawing haloalkanes Identify the root Draw and number the main chain Identify the prefix and add the necessary structures

Questions Draw the condensed structural formula for each haloalkane: 2-chloro-1-fluoroethane 2,4-dibromo-3-chlorohexane Draw the line structural formula for each haloalkane: o 1-iodopropane o 1,4-difluoro-3-propylchycloheptane