Kiera Schiavo.  Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons  Understand transformation of alkanes to alkenes, and vice versa  Understand.

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Presentation transcript:

Kiera Schiavo

 Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons  Understand transformation of alkanes to alkenes, and vice versa  Understand interesting reaction between halogens and unsaturated hydrocarbons

 Unsaturated Hydrocarbon: hydrocarbons that have double or triple covalent bonds between adjacent carbon atoms.  Saturated Hydrocarbon: chemical compounds that consist only of the elements carbon and hydrogen and these atoms are linked together exclusively by single bonds.  Different due to the number of bonds

 Hydrogenation: a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen and another compound or element to saturate organic compounds.  Hydrogen is passed through the compound to saturate it.  Double and triple bonds are replaced with single bonds and a maximum hydrogen content

 Alkane = Saturated hydrocarbon, containing only single bonds.  Alkene = Unsaturated hydrocarbon, containing double bonds.  Alkyne = Unsaturated hydrocarbon, containing triple bonds.  Transformation due to hydrogenation

 Halogen Addition Reaction: Simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene functional group.  Halogen in underwater fireworks is Chlorine  The more stable the alkene the faster it is formed  Factors that stabilize the alkene also stabilize the incipient alkene in the transition state  This lowers activation energy

 Activation energy: The minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.  Many reactions require high temperatures before they can begin..  However, in reactions like those between halogens and unsaturated hydrocarbons the activation energy is low enough for the reaction to occur spontaneously at room temperature.

 When CaC2 is placed in water acetylene gas is produced.  Acetylene gas is an alkyne  Cl2 gas is produced in the flask containing HCl and bleach  As the two types of bubbles collide, they create enough energy to initiate a reaction  Chlorine is electron-attracting  Able to break the triple bond so electrons can bond with the chlorine atoms.  Exothermic reaction  More energy is released by bond breaking than needed to build C-Cl bonds.  Excess energy is seen as flashes of light

 derwater_fireworks_experiment/ derwater_fireworks_experiment/

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