Organic Chemistry HCC H C C C CC C H H H H H H H O H H H H H C C C H H H H C C C H H H H H H H H.

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Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatics

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Chemistry HCC H C C C CC C H H H H H H H O H H H H H C C C H H H H C C C H H H H H H H H

Esterification is a reversible reaction. (De-) Esterification reaction desterification reaction H O H O-C C-C O + ester alcohol carboxyl acid H C-C O O H O-C +

Carbons

Halocarbons are organic compounds containing covalently bonded halogens. C C C H H H H H H H Cl 1- chloropropane C Cl carbon tetrachloride tetrachloromethane Halocarbons are usually man-made.

Types of Halocarbons Alkyl Halide: the halogen is attached to an aliphatic carbon chain - (alkane, -ene, -yne) Aryl Halide: the halogen is attached to a carbon that is part of an aromatic ring - (benzene) I CH 2 - CH - CH - CH 3 CH F

The HaloCarbons (Cl, Br, I, Fl)  Name the halogen as a branch, replacing - ine in the name of the halogen with - o.  Multiple halogens are listed alphabetically.  All other rules the same (di, tri, lowest number…) 2-bromo-2-methylpropane CH 3 C Br C C Cl H H H chloroetheneiodomethane I CH 3 -

1.bromobenzene 2. 3-chloro-1-butene 3.1,2 - difluoropropane 4.1-bromo-3,5-diiodobenzene 5.1,2,3 - triiodocyclopentane

CH 3 CH 3 C H Cl -- l l l CH 3 l Br l CH 3 I-CH 2 -C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Br l

Organic Reactions + = ?

Substitution Reactions

Halogenation Reactions H atom replaced on a chain with a halogen group: R-H + X 2 R-X + HX UV light H-C - C-H + Cl 2 H-C - C-Cl + HCl H HH H HH HH ethenechloroethane Alkane + Halogen HalocarbonHalogen halide +

halocarbon hydroxide ion alcoholhalide ion R-X OH R-OH X + + H2OH2O Halogen is replaced by hydroxide ions (OH - ) to produce an alcohol and a salt. CH 3 I + KOH CH 3 OH + KI Iodomethane methanol 100◦C H2OH2O

Addition / Elimination = 2

Esterification reaction desterification reaction H O H O-C C-C O + ester alcohol carboxyl acid H C-C O O H O-C +

hydrogenation reaction + H H H H H C C H HH dehydrogenation reaction H H H H C C alkene alkane (alkyne) (alkene)

hydration reaction + H O H dehydration reaction alcohol H H H H C C H H H H C C H O H alkene

H Br alkyl halide + H H H H C C H H H H C C alkene addition reaction elimination reaction Br H

alkyl dihalide addition reaction + elimination reaction H H H H C C H H H H C C alkene Cl