TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger Activities of ICP M&M and Results of the 21 st TF meeting Till Spranger

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger back-to-back with CCE WS: April 2005, Berlin 45 participants from 24 NFCs + (Secretariat), WGE, EMEP Centres and ICPs.... had the following main subjects:... had the following main subjects:  cooperation with EMEP (land cover, base cation deposition, HM deposition)  call for data results (HM)  Call for data results (N&S: critical loads and dynamic modelling results)  Nitrogen The 2005 Task Force meeting...

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger Much higher CL(N, S) exceedances than 1998 dataset mostly due to land cover specific MSC-West Unified Model Harmonized Land Cover Will (hopefully) be available late summer 2005: CORINE LC where available; SEI elsewhere; hierarchical links to national LC databases by NFCs Ecosystem classification: EUNIS Base cation deposition Important for CL(acid); backup for NFC data New data available (MSC-West UM) To be further tested and amended Historical S, N (and not BC) deposition Important for dynamic modelling Heavy metal deposition Critical load exceedance report with EMEP MSC-East Cooperation with EMEP

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger Heavy Metals: Call for data results See WGE document /10 Add.1; CCE / MSC-East Report CLs for various effects on ecosystems and on human health 17 NFCs submitted CL data (16 for Cd, Pb; 9 for Hg), mostly for effects in or via terrestrial ecosystems Further work on timescales of recovery / damage

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger 14 NFCs submitted revised CL data (overall data from 25 NFCs) 14 (13) NFCs submitted additional input data for dynamic modelling and target loads Rest of Europe filled in by background database ensures that information on sensitive ecosystems is representative on a European scale „CL and TL data robust for policy application“ (i.e. IAM) -> can / should be used as basis for Gothenburg Protocol revision and CAFE Sulfur and Nitrogen: Call for data results See WGE document 2005/10 and CCE Status Report

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger Exceedances have been reduced, but remain widespread especially for eutrophication: –Area exceeded for acidification in 1980 / 2010 in total Europe: 49% / 7% in EU25: 49% / 13% –Area exceeded for eutrophication in 1980 / 2010 in total Europe: 38% / 29% In EU25: 81% / 66% –Maxima mostly in areas dominated by NH 3 emissions Sulfur and Nitrogen: CL exceedances See CCE Status Report

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger CLs of nutrient nitrogen remain strongly exceeded even after GP implementation Strong links to biological processes, climate change Aim: (dynamic) modelling of biodiversity and other N deposition related effects on a European scale in an IAM framework Further work necessary on, a.o.: Choice of effects indicators (e.g. C/N,... ), dose/effect relations, and critical limits Assessment of interactions between air pollution and climate change (e.g. long-term C and N sequestration, long-term N 2 O, CH 4 etc. emissions) National approaches (NL, D, SE, DK,...) Cooperation with other ICPs, JEG and external networks Nitrogen

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger But nitrogen is more than LRTAP: The nitrogen cascade

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger production scaled to: - > Population increase relative to > N. American per capita Nr production after Galloway and Cowling, 2002 and it´s getting worse: Nr production in 1995 and 2050 Tg N/y

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger An integrated approach to Nitrogen pollution FCCC CLRTAP NEC Dir. AQ Directive Directives on emission control Manure Combustion Soil NO 3 N 2 O Effects on ecosystems o.a.decrease in biodiversity Effects on materials and cultural heritage Climate change Effects on human and animal health NH 3 4 NO 3 HNO 3 NO x Fertilizer industry CO 2,CH 4, SF 6, HFK, PFK,.. SO 2, (NH 4 ) 2 SO4 N2N2 Aquatic NO 3 Nitrate Directive Water Directive CBD ?

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger Nitrogen and M&M: Links to external developments NitroEurope etc. (primary research) COST Action 729 (research synthesis, source-receptor links) ESF Project (multiple N forms& impacts; management) International Nitrogen Initiative CBD Indicators (SEBI 2010): N Deposition

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger European Transboundary Nitrogen Activity CBD EEA/ECNC SEBI 2010

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger COST 729 Challenges Much knowledge on causal chain and interaction with other cycles Development and extension of IAM necessary Source - receptor modelling, including atmosphere biosphere interactions and climatic influences Non-linearities and coupling with other cycles –Nr affects climate (N 2 O, aerosols) –Climate change affects SRM through meteo and chemistry –Feedback mechanisms

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger Conclusions on Nitrogen CLRTAP effects-based emission abatement policy has been successful for S but not as much for N; it needs to be extended / linked to biodiversity and climate change policies and targets Multi-media and multi-effect research and policy development needed to –reduce uncertainties –link and optimize management and abatement strategies

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger Summary: M&M Future Classic tasks: Input to Multipollutant and HM Protocol review / possible revision Input to EU CAFE process New focus: Nitrogen deposition – biodiversity – climate change Aim: Modelling of biodiversity and other effects of nitrogen in an IAM framework Instruments: dynamic modelling with feedbacks, using effects indicators such as C/N, BS; help with extension of IAMs? Cooperation with CLRTAP internal and external organisations

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger ICP M&M Website

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger

NitroEurope Challenges What are the quantitative components of nitrogen budgets for European ecosystems and how do these respond to the drivers of global change? How much does nitrogen control carbon exchange and net greenhouse gas budgets for European terrestrial ecosystems? How could a European N emissions strategy contribute to EU objectives in reducing greenhouse gas emissions?

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger ESF Proposal: Nitrogen in Europe: Assessment of current problems and future solutions Assessment of alteration of (European) N cycle Scientific Network Programme (5 years): –Provide overviews of literature, current studies, databases and models relevant for the N cascade –Grants for exchange visits –Workshops –Summer schools –Conferences –Databases, models –Webpage, dissemination

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger Review of the EU NEC Directive CAFÉ / Thematic Strategy CBA & LCA Don´t use CLs in full CBA Use in MCA is OK Impact factors for LCA Data rules (Other) uses of critical loads data

TFIAM, May 2005, BerlinTill Spranger International Nitrogen Initiative Synthesis of international nitrogen science activities for improved nitrogen management Overall goal: “optimize nitrogen’s beneficial role in sustainable food production and minimize nitrogen’s negative effects on human health and the environment resulting from food and energy production” European Nitrogen Centre (ENC): Jan Willem Erisman (ECN) feeding into…