This is a presentation created by Prof. Karen Orcutt (Univ of Southern Mississippi, Dept of Marine Sciences) for the NSTA workshop titled 'COSEE: The Oceans,

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Presentation transcript:

This is a presentation created by Prof. Karen Orcutt (Univ of Southern Mississippi, Dept of Marine Sciences) for the NSTA workshop titled 'COSEE: The Oceans, They Are A-Changin': How Might This Affect You?' on Sat, March 21, The target audience was middle and high school science educators. Prof. Orcutt focused the often misunderstood concept of nitrogen fixation by open ocean primary producers - in particular the contribution of planktontic filamentous cyanobacteria called Trichodesmium that live in colonies and contribute significantly to the global nitrogen cycle by "fixing" nitrogen gas (N2) into more biologically useful nitrogen-containing compounds (e.g., NH3, ammonia). She also describes the roles of other oceanic biological pump and microbial loop "players" such as heterotrophic bacteria, dinoflagellates and diatoms.

Nitrogen Fixation

Marine Nitrogen Fixation N 2 + 8H + + 8e ATP 2NH 3 + H ADP + 16 P i

Important source of N to the oceanImportant source of N to the ocean

Marine Nitrogen Fixation N 2 + 8H + + 8e ATP 2NH 3 + H ADP + 16 P i Important source of N to the oceanImportant source of N to the ocean Requires energy (P)Requires energy (P) Important source of N to the oceanImportant source of N to the ocean Requires energy (P)Requires energy (P)

Marine Nitrogen Fixation N 2 + 8H + + 8e ATP 2NH 3 + H ADP + 16 P i Important source of N to the oceanImportant source of N to the ocean Requires energy (P)Requires energy (P) Needs Fe ≈ 34 Fe atomsNeeds Fe ≈ 34 Fe atoms Important source of N to the oceanImportant source of N to the ocean Requires energy (P)Requires energy (P) Needs Fe ≈ 34 Fe atomsNeeds Fe ≈ 34 Fe atoms

Puff Tuft T. thiebautii Morphologies of Trichodesmium

Trichodesmium form large surface accumulations that can be seen from ships …. locean_9300/

……and seen from aircraft……..

Photo: NASA ……..and from space! Photo NASA

Katagnymene pelagicum now Trichodesmium Photo: Annette Hynes

Photo: Ed Carpenter Katagnymene spiralis now Trichodesmium

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Nodularia sp. (N. spumigena) N 2 fixation Heterocysts euranta/lajistoraportit/lajistoraporttiar kisto/2006/en_GB/3705/ /structure/nodspum.htm

Richelia inside Hemiaulus sp. Photo by Dr. Dave Caron

Unicellular cyanobacteria nitrogen fixers Crocosphaera watsonii (WH8501) 2-6 µm /science/B/people/e webb/ Photo Kjell Gundersen

Photo: Dr. Frank J. Jochem AGU Ocean Sciences Meeting 2000, San Antonio, Texas, January 2000 Heterotrophic bacteria (  and  -Proteobacteria))

Capone 2008

CO 2 Deep Surface Bacterial remineralisation Phytoplankton photosynthesis CO 2 + Nutrients CO 2 + Nutrients Fe N P N2N2 © KAREN M. ORCUTT CO 2

Diatoms - Bacillariophyceae s/hoffmangallery/diatom.html ASLO image library

Dinoflagelltes - Dinophyceae ASLO image library ndyhook/plankton/summer.htm tes_plantlikeprotists.html

e/ewebb/Tricho.html

NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center The SeaWiFs Project and ORBIMAGE Scientific Visualization Studio.