Ions in solids and solutions. CI 4.5 and revision of 5.1.

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Presentation transcript:

Ions in solids and solutions. CI 4.5 and revision of 5.1

Ions in ionic solids Cl - Na +

Ions in solution. - + δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- O HH Most electronegative δ+δ+ δ-δ- Oδ-Oδ- Hδ+Hδ+ Hδ+Hδ+ Polar molecules Hydrated ions

Dissolving.

- δ+δ+ δ-δ δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- Some bonds broken Some bonds made

Some bonds broken Some bonds made

Some bonds broken Some bonds made

Dissolving. Some bonds broken Some bonds made Endothermic Exothermic

What is this? ΔH LE ΔH hyd(cat) -ΔH LE ΔH sol ΔH hyd(an)

What is this? ΔH LE ΔH hyd(cat) -ΔH LE ΔH sol ΔH hyd(an)

Exo or endo? -ΔH LE

What is this? ΔH LE ΔH hyd(cat) -ΔH LE ΔH sol ΔH hyd(an)

Exo or endo? ΔH hyd(an)

What is this? ΔH LE ΔH hyd(cat) -ΔH LE ΔH sol ΔH hyd(an)

Exo or endo? ΔH hyd(cat)

Solute + solvent Gaseous ions Solution enthalpyenthalpy ΔH solution -ΔH LE ΔH hyd(cat) ΔH hyd(an) -ΔH LE + ΔH hyd(cat) + ΔH hyd(an) ΔH solution =

Solute + solvent Gaseous ions Solution enthalpyenthalpy ΔH solution -ΔH LE ΔH hyd(cat) ΔH hyd(an) ΔH solution = Exo or endo? Endo

Solute + solvent Gaseous ions Solution enthalpyenthalpy ΔH solution -ΔH LE ΔH hyd(cat) ΔH hyd(an) ΔH solution = Endo Won’t dissolve

Solute + solvent Gaseous ions Solution enthalpyenthalpy ΔH solution -ΔH LE ΔH hyd(cat) ΔH hyd(an) ΔH solution = Exo or endo? Exo

Solute + solvent Gaseous ions Solution enthalpyenthalpy ΔH solution -ΔH LE ΔH hyd(cat) ΔH hyd(an) ΔH solution = Will dissolve Exo

Solute + solvent Gaseous ions Solution enthalpyenthalpy ΔH solution -ΔH LE ΔH hyd(cat) ΔH hyd(an) Slightly endo May dissolve

Entropy!

Finally…. (Tables 5 and 7) IonIonic radius Water molecules attached Na + 2,8, nm 5 Mg 2+ 2,8,8 15 Al 3+ 2,8, nm nm + 2+

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