1 Environment Engineering I Dr. Amal Hudhud Dr. Abdel Fattah Hasan An-Najah National University Civil Engineering Department Air Pollution Chapter Eleven- section 4

Air pollution control of stationary sources

1.Absorption : transfer the pollutants from a gas to a liquid phase Gaseous pollutants

2- Adsorption : gas is bonded to a solid, the bond m ay be physical or chemical example of adsorbents : active carbon silica gel

Gaseous pollutants 3-Combustion: contaminant in gas stream is oxidized to an inert gas. It is used when non of the by-product of combustion is toxic

Gaseous pollutants 4- Flue Gas Desulfurization –Non regenerative systems SO 2 +CaCO 3 CaSO 3 +CO 2 SO 2 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO 3 +H 2 O –Regenerative systems

Gaseous pollutants 5- Control tech. for NO x - prevent the formation of NOx during combustion process (reduced the flame temp,) - convert the NO formed into N2 and O2

Particulate pollutants 1- cyclones: particle size >10 micrometer

Particulate pollutants 2- Filters: particle size < 5 micrometer –Deep bed filter –Bag house (dirty industrial gas with high volume

Particulate pollutants 3- Liquid scrubbing : used when particle matter is wet, corrosive and very hot

Particulate pollutants 4- electrostatic precipitation

Air pollution control of mobile sources 1.Gasoline engine 2.Diesel engine 3.jet engine

Air pollution control of mobile sources Effect of design and operating variables on Emissions – air fuel ratio –Speed –Exhaust back pressure –Combustion chamber –Surface temp

Air pollution control of mobile sources

Control of mobile emission Engine modification Fuel system modification Exhaust treatment device

Control of mobile emission 1.Blowby 2.Fuel tank evaporation losses 3.Carburetors evaporation losses 4.Engine exhaust 5.Inspection maintenance program

Waste minimization Conserve energy Improve fuel use Reduce fuel consumption Water conservation Alternative source of energy (solar- wind….)