G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios George K. Fanourakis Institute of Nuclear & Particle Physics (INPP) – NCSR ‘Demokritos’ Gaseous Detectors for Particle, Nuclear and Astroparticle Physics Collaborative projects among: INPP– NCSR ‘Demokritos’ (Particle and Nuclear Physics groups) Saclay – France (Instrumentation and Nuclear Physics groups) CERN (Instrumentation group) Brookhaven lab (srEDM group) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Particle Physics group) Hellenic Open University (Particle Physics group) University of Zaragoza - Spain (Particle Physics group)

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Micromegas principle of operation Micro mesh gaseous structure Hole dia: 50μm pitch: 100μm Spacers > 50μm or pads

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Micromesh pillars (spacers) Micromegas 3D layout Excellent position resolution Good energy resolution Very low background Excellent stability Radiation hard Cheap Variety of applications (X-rays, tracking, neutron det., TPC detector, Visible photon det. )

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios + more nuclear applications α-capture reactions relevant to stellar nucleosynthesis Measurements of stopping power of heavy elements Interest: Characterize Neutron induced Fission fragments i.e.  Fission fragment properties (Mass, Charge, kinetic Energy)  Both fragments should be observed e.g.  We need a twin detector on a back to back configuration with the Fission target in the middle FIDIAS FIssion Detector at the Interface with AStrophysics Prototype sent to Saclay

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios 5 Prototype μM TPC: Design - Construction Aluminum Housing Plexiglas Cage E field shaper 32 x 1ΜΩ Voltage Trimmer near mesh Single TPC, Charge and Time readout

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Current progress The detector (10x10 cm 2 ) is equipped with x–y strips can be readout from the 2 ends of the circuit board 420 µm pitch X Strips 420 µm pitch Y Strips Micro via Pixel (200x200 µm) Pillar Mesh

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Based on MIMAC’s Saclay design modified and constructed by Rui’s lab at CERN The FIDIAS 2D X-Y Micromegas readout board design

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios μM-TPC T2K electronics Inside Goliath magnet at CERN H4 beam line

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios pions seen by the μM-TPC with RD51 test beam

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Intensive tests at Saclay - Results reported at a previous RD51 collaboration meeting.

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

carries EDM signal small increases slowly with time carries in-plane precession signal probing the transverse proton spin components as a function of storage time srEDM polarimeter principle Precision measurement of the Electric Dipole Moment of Protons and Deuterons proposed for Brookhaven (Y. Semertzidis) for d= e·cm (p’s) defining aperture polarimeter target extraction adding white noise to slowly increase the beam phase space

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios srEDM polarimeter parameters Angle coverage: 5 o – 20 o Event rate: 10 5 protons/s, Maximum detector rate: 1KHz/cm 2 for 10 3 cm 2 area Angular resolution: < 10 mrad (multiple scattering limitation: 2mmPCB for.7GeV protons: 3mrad) Energy resolution: ~20% Time resolution: ns Plane tracker or TPC

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios A Micromegas TPC for pEDM For 5 o -20 o scattering angle mm

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios σ 0 : resolution at zero drift, D Tr : Transverse Diffusion constant, N eff : the effective number of electrons over the pad size Micromegas Ar+10% CO2 cm Diffusion issues Ioannis Giomataris

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Worst case scenario Gas: D=500μm/sqrt(cm) Track coming in 5 o  9mm transverse dimension for a 10 cm drift N eff ~ 100 for 1mm pad/strip Longitudinal or transverse diffusion < 150μm If the track (mip) is sampled over 9 strips:  Transverse resolution < 150μm/√9*10cm = 500 μrad But much better for a proton or deuteron Parameters

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Micromegas TPC readout segmentation

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Prototyping

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Data acquisition logistics 1 MHz elastically scattered protons in a ~10 3 cm 2 area 10 6 tracks/sec  1 track coming per 1 μs For a drift velocity of 5cm/μs and a drift distance of 10 cm  2 tracks per μs in the chamber Worst case: slanted tracks  175 r-strips + ~20 φ-strips ~200 strips * 8 bytes (time + charge + strip number)  ~1600kbyte/μs  1.6 Gbyte/s Use continues sampling: 25 MHz clock (read 12 bytes in 40ns)  300 Mb/s Note that CMS (LHC) writes ~100 Mbyte/s on tape !!! If we just record x,y,z and slope we can have a better situation…

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Development of a Spherical Proportional Counter for low energy neutrino detection via Coherent Scattering Internal electrode (15mm) at high voltage Read-out of the internal electrode Volume = 1 m3, Cu 6 mm Gas leak < 5x10-9mbar/s. Gas mixture Argon + 2%CH4 Pressure up to 5 bar Ilias Savvidis’ lab Main contributors: Saclay +AUth

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios A new detector with interesting properties: large mass good energy resolution low sub-keV energy threshold radial geometry with spherical proportional amplification read-out robustness and low cost. Peaks observed from the 241 Am radioactive source through aluminium and polypropylene foil.

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios neutrinos antineutrinos super nova explosion nuclear reactor core Spherical Proportional Counter Can it detect neutrinos?

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios The nuclear recoil energy versus the neutrino energy. From top to bottom nuclear targets with A=4, 20, 40, 84, 131 for the elements He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe respectively. The energy of the recoil nucleus Xe He Ar

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Response of the detector to the reactor and supernova neutrinos Nuclear reactor neutrinos: With the present prototype at 10 m from the reactor, after 1 year run (2x10 7 s)  assuming full detector efficiency: - Xe (  ≈ 2.16x cm 2 )  x    neutrinos detected, T max =146 eV - Ar (  ≈ 1.7x cm 2 )  x    neutrinos detected, T max =480 eV - Ne (  ≈ 7.8x cm 2 )  x    neutrinos detected, T max =960 eV Supernova neutrinos: -For a detector of radius 4 m with a gas under 10 Atm and a typical supernova in our galaxy, i.e. 10 kpc away, one finds 1, 30, 150, 600 and 1900 events for He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe respectively (Y. Giomataris, J. D. Vergados, Phys.Lett.B634:23-29,2006) More details on supernova neutrino detection: Tzamarias talk

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Cosmic ray MM detectors ~50x50 cm pads To be read via the RD51 SRS system Part of ASTRONEU project (T. Tzamarias)

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Develop microbulk Micromegas detectors with segmented mesh X-strips Y-strips  Real x-y structure  Mass minimization  Production Simplification  Large surface detectors Detector characteristics: Active area ~ 38 x 38 mm 2, Cu strips, pitch 1mm, strips interspacing 100 μm, amplification width 50 μm. To be read by AGET electronics An RD51 funded project (T. Geralis)

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios Conclusions Reported progress in the design and tests of various prototype detectors based on gaseous detector technologies such as the Micromegas and the Spherical detector. Use the described prototypes to investigate applications in the Particle, Nuclear and Astrophysics domains.