Session 4: Gas statistics United Nations Statistics Division International Workshop on Energy Statistics September 2012, Beijing, China

World production (10 3 TJ)

SIEC 3: Natural gas Natural Gas A mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons, primarily methane, but generally also including ethane, propane and higher hydrocarbons in much smaller amounts and some non combustible gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. It can be “associated” and “non-associated” It can be be converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport (Liquefied Natural Gas – LNG) by condensing it into a liquid at close to atmospheric pressure by cooling it to approximately −162 °C (−260 °F) LNG is principally used for transporting natural gas to markets, where it is regasified and distributed as pipeline natural gas Biogas and manufactured gasses are excluded

Imports Stock changes Non energy use Final Energy Consumption Manufacturing, const. and non-fuel industry Transport Other (Agriculture, Households, etc.) Production Transformation Final consumption Total energy supply Energy industry own use Losses Exports Int. bunkers Extraction of non-associated gas Extraction of associated gas Flaring Venting Re-injection

Measurement units Gaseous fuels are generally measured in Volume (e.g. m3) and energy units (e.g. Joules) Volume measures generally based on 2 reference conditions: Normal conditions: measured at 0° Celsius and at a pressure of 760 mm Hg Standard conditions: measured at 15° Celsius and at a pressure of 760 mm Hg Recommended standard conditions

Data items They reflect data collected from statistical units

UNSD Annual Questionnaire

Common problems Sometimes data are reported in tons. Hard to make the conversion into Terajoules Calorific values when data are reported in cubic metres Flaring and venting – often not reported Input into electricity and heat plants Energy use vs non-energy use Transport

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