1 AC Reformulyzer Course AC Analytical Controls January 2001

2 AC Reformulyzer Determining Gasoline Specifications Efficiently

3 AC Reformulyzer Hydrocarbon type/ Carbon number analysis Dedicated to Gasoline and Gasoline-related streams Multi-dimensional analysis system Incorporates ASTM, DIN and IP standard test methods

4 AC Reformulyzer Hydrocarbon type analysis of finished gasoline and feedstocks

5 AC Reformulyzer multi-column GC method separates hydrocarbon groups: paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes, oxygenates, aromatics and olefins in finished gasoline and gasoline related streams, such as reformate, FCC naphtha, isomerate and alkylate incorporates standard test methods ASTM D 6293 and Draft method DIN

6 AC Reformulyzer Characterizes total composition of finished gasoline and blending stocks in one analysis Conducting one analysis rather than several reduces potential human bias and results in a more cost effective lab

7 AC Reformulyzer determines carbon number distribution of : Paraffins Isoparaffins Olefins Naphthenes Aromatics Oxygenates

8 AC Reformulyzer Application Range Reformate FCC naphtha Isomerate Alkylate Straight naphtha Gasoline

9 Reported group types paraffins iso-paraffins olefins naphtenes aromatics oxygenates

10 Hydrocarbon Structure Paraffins: Formula: C n H 2n+2 Straight chain components Saturates

11 Paraffins examples n-pentane C-C-C-C-C iso-pentane C-C-C-C C

12 Hydrocarbon Structure Naphthenes: Formula: C n H 2n Ring/cyclo compounds Saturates

13 Napthenes examples cyclohexane methylcyclohexane

14 Polynapthenes

15 Hydrocarbon Structure Aromatics: Formula: C n H n Ring/cyclo compounds with three double bond Unsaturated and chemically reactive

16 Aromatics examples Benzene Toluene

17 Hydrocarbon Structure Olefins: Formula: C n H 2n Compounds with one double bond Unsaturated and chemically reactive

18 Olefins examples n-buteneC-C-C=C iso-penteneC-C=C-C C

19 Trivial names paraffin= alkane = saturate olefin = alkene = unsaturate

20 Trivial names straight alkanes=normal paraffin's branched alkanes=iso-paraffin's straight alkenes=normal olefins branched alkenes=iso-olefins cyclo-alkanes=naphtenes

21 Number of possible hydrocarbon isomers

22 AC Reformulyzer Configuration

23 Reformulyzer Flow

24 Reformulyzer columns OV 275 : polar Pre-column Ether/alc trap (tenax): (1) Adsorption of ethers : (2) Adsorption of aromatic fractions Olefin trap: Adsorption of olefins 5A trap: Adsorption of n-Paraffins 13X : sep. of Nap/Par by carbon number HP-1 (OV 101): separation of Aromatic fractions PT catalyst: hydrogenation of Olefins Alc. Pre-column: Alcohol retaining column

25 OV 275 packed polar column mounted in the GC oven 130°C, isothermal conditioned in a separate GC

26 Olefin trap Adsorption temperature:approx 140°C Desorption temperature:250°C Conditioning: with FCC sample Mounted in the AC left side compartment Controlled by heater 4 of the ACI

27 13 X column Temperature programmed 100°C - 430°C Conditioning temp maximum 490°C Mounted in the AC compartment Controlled by heater 1 of the ACI

28 Ether/ Alcohol Trap Adsorption temperature 70°C Separation temperature approx. 100°C Desorption temperature 280°C Conditioned for 5 minutes at 280°C Max. Mounted in the AC compartment Controlled by heater 3 of the ACI

29 5A trap Adsorption temperature approx. 140°C Desorption temperature 450°C Conditioned for 25 minutes at 450°C Max. Mounted in the AC compartment Controlled by heater 5 of the ACI

30 HP 1 (OV 101) column non polar capillary column mounted inside the oven 130°C isothermal. separation by boiling point

31 PT column Temperature 180°C (220°C) Hydrogenation of Olefins Mounted in the AC compartment controlled by heater 2 of the ACI

32 Alcohol pre-column Initial temperature approx. 160 °C Alcohol retaining column Mounted at the GC injector B position Controlled by Auxilary 2 heating zone

33 Reformulyzer flow diagram

34 Reformulyzer left side compartment

35 Reformulyzer oven compartment

36 Piona flow diagram

37 Piona left side compartment

38 Piona oven compartment

39 Piona prefractionator flow diagram

40 C4 stream Various hydrocarbon types by Carbon number range

41 Straight Run Various hydrocarbon types by Carbon number range

42 Reformulyzer - Reformer Feed

43 Reformate Various hydrocarbon types by Carbon number range

44 Reformulyzer - Reformate

45 FCC Naphtha Various hydrocarbon types by Carbon number range

46 Reformulyzer - FCC Naphtha

47 Isomerate Various hydrocarbon types by Carbon number range

48

49 Alkylate Various hydrocarbon types by Carbon number range

50

51 Oxygenates Various hydrocarbon types by Carbon number range

52 MTBE Various hydrocarbon types by Carbon number range

53 Finished Gasoline

54 Gasoline mode

55 OPNA Mode

56 Winterspec Mode

57 Reformulyzer Report

58 Reformulyzer Report

59 Reformulyzer Report

60 Site Specific Testing

61 Site Specific Testing

62 Methods & Developments * no precision data **withdrawn

63 Method Comparison ASTM D 3606 ASTM D 5580 ASTM D 4815 ASTM D 6296 ASTM D 5599 ASTM D Reformulyzer MSD Single column Less Information A lot of Information Correct Data Incorrect Data